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dangerous. Radio-waves, the longest, are harmless; Gamma and
X-ray are the shortest and are the most dangerous
X-rays and Gamma rays being the most powerful from the penetration
aspect need to be handled with great respect. (Alpha and
Beta rays present a problem of their own from the aspect of
internal harm once inside the body),
X-rays are produced artificially and are under control in so
far as they can be stopped by switching off the electric current,
but Gamma rays are emitted continuously from the radioactive substance
in all directions. Some of these substances emit rays for
short periods, others for centuries, and therein lies their great
danger
The action of Gamma and X-rays on the human body depends on
several factors, the type of ray its period of action, the distance
of the body from the source of ray, the amount of previous exposure,
the part of the body exposed and the sensitivity of the person to
the particular ray.
Hazards
1. X-ray exposure (in the light of recent experience) must be
more carefully controlled especially in regard to the exposure
for diagnostic purposes of the pelvic organs, which are
highly sensitive. Also great care must be taken to ensure that
X ray machines are properly shielded The ordinary exposure
to X-rays involved, in for example Chest X-rays, are of very
minor proportions, but pedoscopes used in many shoe shops and
any similar exposures of frequency can be unnecessary and
dangerous from the long term aspect.
2. Radio Active Substances can be highly dangerous if used carelessly
and unnecessarily. Strict control over exposure must
be the keynote of precaution In hospitals careful regula
tions are laid down in a code of practice for the storage, use,
movement and disposal of wastes. Specialists supervise all
aspects of the control. In industry an ever increasing use
is being made of these substances and great care must be
exercised by all involved. Disposal of radioactive wastes
presents a grave problem covered by legal safeguards under the
Radioactive Substances Act, 1948
3. Nuclear Reactors. Accidents can produce an outflow of radio
activity as shown by the windscale accident. Prom this
incident fresh knowledge and design will eliminate the risk of