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The pattern of life of an increasing number of families
is being changed by the replacement of conventional houses by
blocks of flats and maisonettes of varying size. The implications
of this change are many and will, in the future, influence the
nature of a number of services. A community consisting of a
number of families living under the same roof in close proximity
one with another creates problems of personal relationships to a
much greater extent, and the activities of each family can affect
others. The opportunity for the spread of infection is that much
the greater. Young children who need free activity can find this
only within the confines of the flat or at some distance from the
supervision of their parents. When illness or disability occurs,
or when advancing years restrict mobility the situation of a home
at first floor level or higher can confine the sufferers to their
own dwellings to an extent which would not be apparent at ground floor
level. Recreational activities, particularly among the younger folk,
tend to be centred away from the home to a greater extent and
parental influence is thereby lessened. While this change is a
gradual one taking place over the years it is important to recognise
its implications in order that existing services can be modified where
necessary and expanded in certain new directions to meet the changing
needs of increasing numbers of people. The number of children under
the age of five for whom places in day nurseries or in nursery
schools are desirable is likely to increase and special provision
will need to be made to meet the difficulties of the sick and the elderly.
During the year the arrangements made for the welfare
of the handicapped of all ages has received much attention. A
scheme has been evolved which provides for detection of handicapping
conditions at the earliest possible stage and the support of persons
suffering from them throughout their lives. Circumstances before, during
and immediately following birth are notified to the department from
a variety of sources. Throughout pre-school years medical supervision
is provided and progress recorded at all stages and assessment of
future needs is made; medical or surgical treatment is obtained and
social support given where necessary. On reaching school age the child's
name is placed upon the handicapped pupils register maintained as part
of the School Health Service, and recommendations made concerning the
type of education which is most suited to the needs of the
handicapped child. Throughout school years supervision and support is
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