[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Twickenham]#

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Table 1.

Summary.

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Table 2. Population 1938-1953.

Year	Population	Population trend			Migration excess
Year	Population	Total increase or decrease	Percentage proportion	Natural increase or decrease	Inward	Outward

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Table 3. Causes of Death. Registrar-General's Official Returns.

Causes of Death	Males	Females	Total

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Table 4. Zymotic Diseases Mortality. The mortality rates for this group of diseases, which includes enteric fever, smallpox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles, whooping cough and diarrhoea under two years of age, were:—

Disease	No. of Deaths			Death rate per 1,000 of the population
Disease	Male	Female	Total	Death rate per 1,000 of the population

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Table 5. Main Causes of Death. An analysis of the death returns reveals the following main causes of death:—

Disease	Percentage of total deaths	Death rate per 1,000 of the population

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Table 6. Infantile Mortality . (a) The following table, compiled from official registrations, gives details of the causes of death at various ages under one year of age:—

		Under 1 week	1-2 weeks	2-3 weeks	3-4 weeks	Total under 4 weeks	4 weeks and under 3 months	3 months and under 6 months	6 months and under 9 months	9 months and under 12 months	Total deaths under 1 year

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(b) An analysis of the mortality reveals that neo-natal deaths were responsible for 71.43 per cent. of the total deaths, viz.:—

Under 24 hours	1 to 7 days	1 to 4 weeks	Total under 4 weeks	Percentage total infant deaths

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Birth Rate, Death Rate and Analysis of Mortality. Provisional Figures.

	Rate per 1,000 total population		Annual Death Rate per 1,000 population									Rate per 1,000 live births
	Live Births	Still Births	All Causes	Typhoid and Paratyphoid fevers	Whooping Cough	Diphtheria	T uber-culosis	Influenza	Smallpox	A cute Poliomyelitis and Polioencephalitis	Pneumonia	Diarrhoea and Enteritis (under two years)	Total Deaths under 1 year

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Table 8. Review of the Comparative Vital and Mortality Statistics for the Borough of Twickenham, together with those for England and Wales for years 1938.1953 inclusive.

Year	Birth Rate		Death Rate		Infantile Mortality Rate
Year	Twickenham	England and Wales	Twickenham	England and Wales	Twickenham	England and Wales

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Results of the Chemical and Bacteriological Examination of the Water Supply to the Borough of Twickenham for 1953. Parts per million (unless otherwise stated). (a) Chemical.

Description of the Sample	Number of Samples	Ammoniacal Nitrogen	Albuminoid Nitrogen	Oxidised Nitrogen (Nitrate)	Chlorides as c1	Oxygen abs. from Permanganate 4 hrs. at 27°c.	Turbidity, in terms of Silica	Colour, m.m. brown, 2 ft. tube, Burgess's Tintometer	Hardness (total)	Hardness (Non.carb.)	pH. Value	Phosphate as P.O.111/4	Silica as SiO₂	Conductivity

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(b) Bacteriological.

Description of the Sample	Number of Samples	Plate count (average per milli-litre) Colonies counted on agar after 20-24 hrs. at 37°c.	Bad. coli test
Description of the Sample	Number of Samples		Percentage of samples negative in 100 ml.	Average number of Bact. coli per 100 ml.

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Table 10. Analysis of Complaints Received.

Nature of Complaint	Number Received

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Table 11. Summary of Visits, Inspections, etc.

		Number

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Table 11— continued.

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Table 12. Sanitary Improvements Effected.

	Number

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Table 13. Housing Statistics.

I. Inspection of dwelling-houses during the year	Number

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Table 14. Notices Served. Administrative action was taken during the year to secure abatement of nuisances and to enforce the appropriate statutory enactments, as follows:—

Subject of Notice	Public Health Act	Food & Drugs Act, Sections 13 & 14

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Table 15. Offences under Food and Drugs Act, 1938.

Case No.	Section contravened	Offence	Action taken

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Table 16. Prevention of Damage by Pests Act, 1949 VISITS

Initial Visits following upon Complaints or Resulting from Surveys	Re-inspections for Laying Baits, Poisoning and. Trapping	Total Visits

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NUMBER OF INFESTATIONS

Food Premises	Non-food Premises	Private Dwellings	Factories	Rats only	Mice only	Rats and mice

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DEGREE OF INFESTATION

RATS			MICE
Reservoir	Major Primary 50-100	Minor Secondary 1-50	Reservoir	Major Primary 50-100	Minor Secondary 1-50

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NOTICES

NOTICES SERVED			NOTICES OUTSTANDING
Preliminary Notices	Statutory Notices	Final (Default) Notices	Preliminary Notices	Statutory Notices	Final (Default) Notices

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RAT DESTRUCTION WORK UNDERTAKEN BY

CORPORATION		OCCUPIERS
Rats	Mice	Rats	Mice

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NUMBER OF PREMISES UNDER CONTRACT WITH CORPORATION TOTAL 487

12 months	3 months	6 weeeks	1 month	Others	Total Receipts

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Eradication of Insect Pests. D.D.T. and Other Special Treatments. Number of Infestations Treated

Type of Premises	Ants	Beetles	Bugs	Cockroaches	Fleas	Flies	Lice	Moths	Silver Fish	Wasps	Miscellaneous	Wood Beetles	Totals

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Table 18. Disinfections, etc.

	Number

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Table 19. Housing Act, 1936. Overcrowding. The known cases of overcrowding on the register of the department at the end of the year were as follows:—

			Number

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The necessary registration of persons and premises, and the issue of appropriate licences, has been effected in accordance with the following table :—

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I nsanitary C onditions in F ood P remises.

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T able 22. Meat—Carcases Inspected and Findings at Private Slaughterhouses in the Borough.

	Cattle, excl. Cows	Cows	Calves	Sheep and Lambs	Pigs

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Table 23. (a) Meat . Diseased and unsound conditions found in meat caused the detention and surrender for destruction of:—

	lbs.

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(b) Other Foodstuffs. The following foodstuffs, other than meat, being unfit for human consumption, were voluntarily surrendered for destruction:—

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Table 24. Sampling. The Middlesex County Council is the food and drugs authority for the Borough. The Chief Officer, Public Control Department, has kindly supplied the following information relating to samples taken in the Borough during the year ended 31st December, 1953 :—

A rticle	Total Samples procured	Unsatisfactory

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Table 25. Factories Acts, 1937 and 1948. Part I of the Act. 1. INSPECTIONS for P urposes of P rovisions as to H ealth :

Premises	Number on Register	Number of
Premises	Number on Register	Inspections	Written Notices	Occupiers prosecuted

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2. C ases in which DEFECTS were F ound :

Particulars	Number of cases in which defects were found				Number of cases in which prosecutions were instituted
	Found	Remedied	Referred
			To H.M. Inspector	By H.M. Inspector

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Part VIII of the Act. Outwork.

Nature of the work	Lampshades	Wearing apparel	Electric Fuse Makers

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Table 26. Infectious Diseases. Incidence and Mortality. Diphtheria, Scarlet Fever and Enteric Fever. 1938-1953.

Year	Diphtheria				Scarlet Fever				Enteric Fever
Year	No. of Cases	Case Rate per 1,000 pop.	No. of Deaths	Death Rate per 1,000 pop.	No. of Cases	Case Rate per 1,000 pop.	No. of Deaths	Death Rate per 1,000 pop.	No. of Cases	Case Rate per 1,000 pop.	No. of Deaths	Death Rate per 1,000 pop.

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Table 27. Ophthalmia Neonatorum, years 1938-1953. The following table shows the number of cases notified and result o] treatment:—

Year	Cases notified	Cases Treated		Vision unimpaired	vision impaired	Total blindness	Deaths
Year	Cases notified	At home	In haosp.	Vision unimpaired	vision impaired	Total blindness	Deaths

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Gases of Infectious Diseases Notified during the Year 1953.

DISEASE	Under 1 year	CASES NOTIFIED AT VARIOUS AGES {YEARS)													Total cases notified	Cases admitted Hospital	Deaths
DISEASE	Under 1 year	1-2	2-3	3-4	4-5	5-10	10-15	15-20	20-25	25-35	35-45	45-65	Over 65	Age not known	Total cases notified	Cases admitted Hospital	Deaths

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Monthly Incidence of Infectious Diseases during the Year 1953.

DISEASE	NUMBER OF CASES												TOTAL
DISEASE	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	A ugust	Sept.	October	Nov.	Dec.	TOTAL

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Ward Distribution of Infectious Diseases Notified during the Year 1953.

Disease	Twickenham				Whitton	Hampton	Hampton Hill	Teddington		Hampton Wick	Heath-field	Total
Disease	East	Central	South	West	Whitton	Hampton	Hampton Hill	Upper	Lower	Hampton Wick	Heath-field	Total

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Table 31. Tuberculosis. The following tables have been compiled from the notifications received:— New Cases and Mortality.

Age Periods	New Cases				Deaths
	Pulmonary		Non-pulmonary		Pulmonary		Non-pulmonary
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female

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Table 32. Primary Notifications of Tuberculosis, 1938-1953 inclusive.

	1938	1939	1940	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949	1950	1951	1952	1953

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Table 33. Food Poisoning.

Food Poisoning Notifications :
lst Quarter	2nd Quarter	3rd Quarter		4th Quarter	TOTAL

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Clinics and Welfare Centres. The following clinics are being held within the Borough:—

Clinic	Address	By whom provided

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Twickenham 1953

45 tables in this report

Table 1.

Table 2. Population 1938-1953.

Table 3. Causes of Death. Registrar-General's Official Returns.

Table 4. Zymotic Diseases Mortality. The mortality rates for this group of diseases, which includes enteric fever, smallpox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles, whooping cough and diarrhoea under two years of age, were:—

Table 5. Main Causes of Death. An analysis of the death returns reveals the following main causes of death:—

Table 6. Infantile Mortality . (a) The following table, compiled from official registrations, gives details of the causes of death at various ages under one year of age:—

(b) An analysis of the mortality reveals that neo-natal deaths were responsible for 71.43 per cent. of the total deaths, viz.:—

Birth Rate, Death Rate and Analysis of Mortality. Provisional Figures.

Table 8. Review of the Comparative Vital and Mortality Statistics for the Borough of Twickenham, together with those for England and Wales for years 1938.1953 inclusive.

Results of the Chemical and Bacteriological Examination of the Water Supply to the Borough of Twickenham for 1953. Parts per million (unless otherwise stated). (a) Chemical.

(b) Bacteriological.

Table 10. Analysis of Complaints Received.

Table 11. Summary of Visits, Inspections, etc.

Table 11— continued.

Table 12. Sanitary Improvements Effected.

Table 13. Housing Statistics.

Table 14. Notices Served. Administrative action was taken during the year to secure abatement of nuisances and to enforce the appropriate statutory enactments, as follows:—

Table 15. Offences under Food and Drugs Act, 1938.

Table 16. Prevention of Damage by Pests Act, 1949 VISITS

NUMBER OF INFESTATIONS

DEGREE OF INFESTATION

NOTICES

RAT DESTRUCTION WORK UNDERTAKEN BY

NUMBER OF PREMISES UNDER CONTRACT WITH CORPORATION TOTAL 487

Eradication of Insect Pests. D.D.T. and Other Special Treatments. Number of Infestations Treated

Table 18. Disinfections, etc.

Table 19. Housing Act, 1936. Overcrowding. The known cases of overcrowding on the register of the department at the end of the year were as follows:—

The necessary registration of persons and premises, and the issue of appropriate licences, has been effected in accordance with the following table :—

I nsanitary C onditions in F ood P remises.

T able 22. Meat—Carcases Inspected and Findings at Private Slaughterhouses in the Borough.

Table 23. (a) Meat . Diseased and unsound conditions found in meat caused the detention and surrender for destruction of:—

(b) Other Foodstuffs. The following foodstuffs, other than meat, being unfit for human consumption, were voluntarily surrendered for destruction:—

Table 24. Sampling. The Middlesex County Council is the food and drugs authority for the Borough. The Chief Officer, Public Control Department, has kindly supplied the following information relating to samples taken in the Borough during the year ended 31st December, 1953 :—

Table 25. Factories Acts, 1937 and 1948. Part I of the Act. 1. INSPECTIONS for P urposes of P rovisions as to H ealth :

2. C ases in which DEFECTS were F ound :

Part VIII of the Act. Outwork.

Table 26. Infectious Diseases. Incidence and Mortality. Diphtheria, Scarlet Fever and Enteric Fever. 1938-1953.

Table 27. Ophthalmia Neonatorum, years 1938-1953. The following table shows the number of cases notified and result o] treatment:—

Gases of Infectious Diseases Notified during the Year 1953.

Monthly Incidence of Infectious Diseases during the Year 1953.

Ward Distribution of Infectious Diseases Notified during the Year 1953.

Table 31. Tuberculosis. The following tables have been compiled from the notifications received:— New Cases and Mortality.

Table 32. Primary Notifications of Tuberculosis, 1938-1953 inclusive.

Table 33. Food Poisoning.

Clinics and Welfare Centres. The following clinics are being held within the Borough:—