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(c) Mismanagement by one or both parents.
(d) Those with some physical defect.
(e) Backward children.
In those children where it has been possible to show frustration either
at home or at school, the mother has usually been glad to consult the
Child Guidance Clinic; in other cases, the co-operation of the School Head
Teacher has been readily obtained.
The home background is invariably important in the etiology of
intractable cases, and where it has been possible to alter environment or
circumstances, again there has often been a corresponding improvement
in the child's enuretic condition.
In an enuretic "only child," "over-mothering" has been found to be
a frequent cause.
There still remain the few cases in which the etidlogy has remained
obscure and treatment has not helped—in these cases one can only presume
there to be some autonomic disharmony or an infantile type of bladder.
The six-year-old child has proved to be the most approachable and
amenable to treatment in this series of cases, possibly because the feeling
of " shame," so often found in older children, has not yet become manifest.
The early waking routine for the Pre-waking Enuretic has been continued.
A number of cases have been filed to re-attend the clinic and on subsequent
questioning have been found to be no longer enuretic, but on the
whole, the attitudes of both parents and children have continued to be of
interest and co-operation.
Considerable interest in the running of the Enuresis Clinic has been
shown by another Borough within the County and also by the University
Health Centre of the Manchester University and the Berkshire Child
Guidance Clinic."
B.C.G. Vaccination of School Children.
The County Council agreed to extend B.C.G. Vaccination to school
children in the thirteen year age group and the following is a summary
of the work from the inception of the scheme, 2nd July, 1954, to the end
of that year, including those cases whose investigations were completed
early in 1955. The B.C.G. Clinics are held at Newbury Hall and Mayesbrook
Clinics and the tests and vaccinations are carried out by the School
Medical Officers.
No. of pupils to whom B.C.G. was offered 908
No. of pupils whose parents consented to treatment 482
No. of pupils undergoing tuberculin test 431
Positive: 79 Negative: 352
No. of pupils who received B.C.G. 332
(16 absentees, 3 contacts, 1 with asthma)
No. of pupils post-tested 327
Converted to Positive 311
Negative 13
Absentees from readings 3