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pipes are forced by means of powerful hydraulic jacks through
the soil under the river, thus forming tunnels in which the
sewage pipes are laid.
In the case of new streets, no new sewers are permitted
to be covered up until the work has been thoroughly inspected
and tested with water. The pipes used have special joints,
are made of the strongest stoneware clays, and laid upon a
thick bed of cement concrete. In addition, they are laid to
absolutely straight lines from point to point, and by means of
manholes can be examined and seen through from end to end.
At the head of every branch sewer means for Hushing are
provided by lampholes and flushing chambers, through which
thousands of gallons of clean water are systematically delivered
in order to prevent any deposit within the sewers. There are
upwards of 100 of these flushing chambers within the district.
Fortunately, all the sewers may be said to be self-cleansing, and
within an hour or two of any foul matter being discharged into
a drain or sewer it is delivered at the Edmonton Sewage Works.
The sewers are ventilated by means of gratings over the
manholes and by upcast shafts ; but the gratings intended to be
inlets for fresh air sometimes also discharge foul air, in consequence
of which many of them have been closed in, and extra
upcast shafts erected at points of vantage in their place.
During the past twenty-six years no drains of any house have
been permitted to be connected with the sewers unless they have
been provided with a chamber containing a trapped interceptor
just within the boundary adjoining the street or road.
In the District there are now 49 miles 822 yards of sewage
sewers, and 45 miles 1,080 yards of surface-water sewers,
Public Convenience.—A Public Convenience with
accommodation for both sexes has been erected in Green Lanes
opposite Alderman's Hill. The receipts from it do not
meet the expenditure, but its usefulness is unquestionable.
There is still pressing need for similar provision in Southgate
and also at New Southgate. Particularly is this the
case at Southgate Village, to which many hundreds of visitors
are brought weekly by the omnibuses.