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42
Authorities, in London, with reference to Factories, Workshops,
and Laundries are set forth in the Factory and
Workshops Acts, 1878 to 1895, and in the Public Health
(London) Act, 1891.
The definition of "workshop" and "factory" is contained
in the "principal Act" of 1878, and the distinction between
the two terms rests mainly upon the fact that in the case of
the latter some steam, water, or other mechanical power must
be used in the process carried on.
By the Factory and Workshops Act of 1891, it became
the duty of the Sanitary Authority in London to deal with
overcrowding, and to enforce cleanliness, lime washing,
sufficient ventilation, and freedom from effluvia in workshops;
and such matters were to be dealt with, when necessary, as
nuisances under the Public Health (London) Act, 1891,
section 2; and by section 38 of this Act it is the duty of the
Sanitary Authority to enforce suitable and sufficient provision
in the way of sanitary conveniences and separate accommodation
for each sex, where both sexes are employed. With
regard to Bakehouses the Public Health (London) Act, 1891,
requires:—
That the walls and ceilings of the Bakehouses must be
painted in oil or varnished every seven years, and washed
with hot water and soap every six months, or be lime-washed
every six months.
Special restrictions are to be enforced with respect of any
place on a level with the Bakehouse which is used as a
sleeping place.
No water-closet may be within or communicate directly
with a Bakehouse, nor may any drain have an opening within
the Bakehouse.
It is the duty of the Sanitary Authority to give effect to
the provisions of the order of the Secretary of State (November,
1892) with reference to out-workers. The order requires the