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74
Feeding bottles were employed in 88 cases.
Those with long rubber tube in 51 cases.
Boat shaped bottle without tube in 37 cases.
The remaining 33 were fed by spoon.
Many instances of utterly improper feeding were innocently
revealed by young mothers, such as giving infants bread and
potatoes and, in one or two instances, fruit.
Condition of Houses, Yards, Inhabitants A note of
the state of cleanliness of the house, yard and inhabitants of each of
the 121 households that were investigated yields the following
analysis:—

The words "clean," "fair," and "dirty" were taken as convenient
terms to express briefly the conditions that were found, and in
applying them care was taken not to fix the standard of cleanliness
unnecessarily high. A slightly higher standard would indeed have
relegated many of those marked " fair" to the list of "dirty."
Houses. Only 49 of the houses (40 per cent.) showed a satisfactory
state of cleanliness, while 24 per cent. were to a greater or
less degree unquestionably dirty.
Yards and Gardens. The condition of the yards and gardens
was found to be even more unsatisfactory. Only 22 per cent. were
clean while 33 per cent. were dirty. The chief causes of this
uncleanliness of yards and gardens were found to be (1) the keeping
of fowls, either in runs or at large, which not only pollute the small
space with their excrement, but give rise to the added nuisance of
house refuse being dumped in the garden for their benefit, instead of