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9
5.—DEFECTS AND REQUIREMENTS.
The first comprise the causes that war against life; the
second the remedies for their suppression. The principal of
each are given below:—
SANITARY DEFECTS.
1. Poisonous state of the soil from
insufficient draining, paving,
and cleansing.
2. Atmospheric Vitiation, by privies
and cesspools, untrapped gullies,
open gutters, or drains.
3. Defective Ventilation of Houses,
Schools, Factories, Churches,
&c.
4. Insufficient Water Supply, and
its contamination from storage
in dirty vessels and rooms.
5. Foul dirty Dwellings.
6. Cellar abodes.
7. Overcrowding of Inmates.
8. Unwholesome Provisions.
SANATORY REQUIREMENTS.
1. a. House, surface, and subsoil
drainage.
b. Stone or asphalte pavement.
c. Daily Scavenging.
2. a. Water-closet Apparatus, and
suppression of cesspools.
b. Trapping and flushing of all
gullies and drains.
e. Impermeable pipe gutters.
3. a. Arnott chimney openings, and
perforated zinc window panes.
b. The Charcoal Air filters of
Dr. Stenhouse.
c. Vent tubes, roof outlets, &c.
4. Continuous high pressure
supply.
5. Periodic cleansing and liming.
6. Their abolition.
7. Regulation of numbers by
ging Houses' Acts.
8. Systematic Inspection.
Other causes, besides, prejudice health: such are the culde-sac
streets of Hope Town, and courts of a similar form,
which impede the transit of currents of air, and concentrate,
and intensify, the emanations evolved. Back-to-back houses
too, those without back windows or doors, and others below
the levels of the streets, gardens, and courts—all militate
against a healthy physical state. In such cases the erasement
of an occasional building, or wall "counter openings, additional
windows, and open spaces," are the remedies sugested by
Mr. Simon. Much mischief, also, is often entailed by using