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9
had reached the age of 65. 190 persons, however,
had passed the age of 75; 33 had exceeded
the age of 85; and there were 5 persons who
had reached the age of 95.
The infant mortality in the City is unquestionably
large. It can hardly be estimated by the proportion
of children's deaths to the total mortality,
because the proportion of children in the City
population is comparatively small, but it may be
seen by observing the number of children that die
before they are a year old. Last year there were
3,046 births in the City, and there were 475 deaths
of infants that had not reached the first year of
their age. In the course of the last ten years the
annual proportion of births has been 3,412, and
the annual proportion of infant deaths has been
556. This is at the rate of 16 per cent., or, in
other words, 1 in 6 of all the children born in the
City die before they are a year old. In the rest of
London the proportion is only about 15 per cent.,
and in all England it is only 14 per cent., or about
1 in 7. I have frequently discussed the causes of
this, which are chiefly to be found in the density
of the population, and the bad condition of the
homes of the poor.
Among the causes of death, the principal facts
are the following: phthisis has been fatal in 357