London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

View report tables

Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

London County Council 1911

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

Published
1913
Pages
309
Tables
296

This page requires JavaScript

296 tables in this report

  • Page -
    % The census populations of London boroughs in 1901 and 1911 and the mid-year populations in 1911, as estimated by the Registrar-General, are shown in the following table :—
    Metropolitan borough.Census Population 1st April, 1901.Census Population 3rd April, 1911.Estimated Population (middle of year 1911).Metropolitan borough.Census Population 1st April, 1901.Census Population 3rd April, 1911.Estimated Population (middle of year 1911).
  • Page -
    The following table shows the mean annual rate of natural increase of the population per 1,000 living in certain periods from 1886 to 1911 :—
    Period.Annual birth-rates per 1,000 living.Annual death-rates per 1,000 living.Annual rate of natural increase per 1,000 living.
    London.Greater London. (a)England and Wales.London.Greater London. («)England and Wales.London.Greater London. (a)England and Wales.
  • Page -
    The following table enables comparison to be made of the rates of natural increase of the London population with those of the principal towns of England in the period 1906-10, and in the year 1911.
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page -
    The factors affecting the rates of natural increase in different localities to which reference has been made, probably tend more to vitiate accurate comparison when the populations concerned are of different nationalities, and this should be borne in mind in connection with the following table showing the rate of increase in London and certain foreign towns (d) :—
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 3
    The marriage-rate in successive periods has been as follows—
    Period.Marriage-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Marriage-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 3
    It will be seen that both in London and in England and Wales the proportion of male and female minors in every 100 marriages has been diminishing for a number of years, but there is some indication of a pause in the decline:—
    Period.Marriages of minors per cent. of total marriages.
    London.England and Wales.
    Males.Females.Males.Females.
  • Page 3
    The birth-rate in successive periods has been as follows:—
    Period.Birth-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Birth-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 4
    The corresponding figures for England and Wales, which show a similar decline to that noted in London, are as follows:—
    Period.Birth-rate per 1,000 persons living. (a)Period.Birth-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 4
    Were births in other towns similarly corrected considerable modification of thes' rates might result
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 4
    There is considerable difference in practice as to the registration and allocation of births occurring in these for sign towns, and the rate shown must, therefore, be regarded as affording material for only approximate comparison.
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 5
    Under the Notification of Births Act, 1907, the London County Council receives particulars Notification of the births which have been notified to the medical officers of health of the several sanitary of birth districts in London, and from the information thus received the following table has been prepared:—
    Metropolitan borough.Total births notified (corrected for institutions).Stillbirths (corrected).Births, less stillbirths (corrected).Births registered (corrected).Excess of registered over notified births (corrected).
  • Page 5
    The following table shows the birth-rate in the several sanitary districts per 1,000 persons living in the period 1906-10 and in the year 1911:—
    Metropolitan borough.Births, 1911 (52 weeks).Birth-rate per 1,000 1 persons living.
    (a) 1
    1906-10.1911.
  • Page 6
    Metropolitan borough.Total births notified (corrected for institutions).Stillbirths (corrected).Births, less stillbirths (corrected).Births registered (corrected)Excess of registered over notified births (corrected).
  • Page 6
    The number and percentage of still-births and of multiple births notified in 1911 (uncorrected for institutions) is shown in the following table:—
    Metropolitan borough.Total births notified.Stillbirths.Percentage still born.Multiple births.Percentage of mothers delivered of more than one child at a birth.
    Twins.Triplets.Total born.
    Cases.Stillborn.Cases.Stillborn.
    Oneboth.One.Two.Three
  • Page 7
    The death-rate in successive periods has been as follows:—
    Period.Death-rate (All Causes) per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rate (All Causes) per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 7
    The following table has been prepared for the purpose of comparing the death-rate of London with those of other English towns having populations which exceeded 200,000 persons at the census of 1911. The columns showing "death-rates corrected for age and sex distribution" have been obtained by multiplying the crude death-rates by the "factors for correction" published by the Registrar-General in the Annual Summary for 1911. ( b )
    Town.Estimated Population (middle of 1911).Crude death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living (corrected for age and sex distribution).Comparative mortality figure.
    1906-10.1911.1906-10.1911.1911.
  • Page 7
    The following table enables comparison to be made of the crude death-rate of London with that of several foreign towns:—
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911
  • Page 8
    The following table shows the crude death-rates, and the death-rates corrected for differences in the age and sex constitution of the population (a) of the several sanitary districts (b) during the year 1911; the mean death-rates for the period 1906-10 are also shown for the purposes of comparison.
    Area.Standard death-rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected comparative mortality figure (London, 1,000).
    1906-10.1911.1906-10.1911.1906-10.• 1911.
  • Page 8
    The proportion in successive periods has been as follows:—
    • Period.Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.Period.Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
  • Page 9
    The following table enables comparison to be made of the infantile mortality in London and other large English towns.
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 9
    The rate for New York is somewhat overstated for the period 1906-10, owing to the incomplete registration of births prior to 1908.
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 9
    The following table shows the deaths of infants under one year of age and the number these deaths per 1,000 births in each of the sanitary districts of the County of London for the per] 1906-10 and for the year 1911(a):—
    Metropolitan borough.Deaths under one year of age, 1911 (52 weeks).Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
    1906-10.1911.
  • Page 10
    It will be seen that the total deaths here shown differ slightly from the total in the preceding table derived from the annual summary of the Registrar-General.
    Cause of death.Under'1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under1 Month.0-3 Months.3-6 Months.6-9 Months.9-12 Months.Total Deaths under one year.
  • Page 10
    Comparison may be made between the number of deaths from the several causes in the above table with those of the six antecedent years by reference to the following table:—
    Cause of death.1905. 52 weeks.1906. 52 weeks.1907. 52 weeks.1908. 53 weeks.1909. 52 weeks.1910. 52 weeks.1911. 52 weeks.Deaths in 1911 in excess or defect of the corrected average for 1905-10
    Diminution in 1911Excessin 1911
  • Page 11
    Continued from previous page...
    Cause of death.1905. 52 weeks.1906. 52 weeks.1907. 52 weeks.1908, "53 weeks.1909. 52 weeks.1910, 52 weeks.1911. 52 weeks.Deaths in 1911 in excess or defect of the corrected average for 1905-10.
    Diminution in 1911Excess in 1911.
  • Page 11
    The total deaths among children under one year of age from "all causes'' at certain age periods in 1911 may be compared with similar figures included in the Annual Reports for the preceding six years as follows :—
    Year.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.0-3 Months.3-6 Months.6-9 Months.9-12 Months.Total Deaths under one year.
  • Page 11
    I he following table has been prepared to show approximately the death-rates in age-periods per 1,000 living at the beginning of each period :—
    Year.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.0-3 Months.3-6 Months.6-9 Months.9-12 Months.Total under one year. (b)
  • Page 12
    With a view to comparing the rates of mortality from the several groups of diseases in the years 1905-11 the following table has been prepared:—
    Year.All causes. (a)Measles.Whooping-cough.Diarrhœal diseases.Wasting diseases.Tuberculous diseases.Meningitis and convulsions.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.Other causes.
  • Page 12
    For the purpose of comparison, the corresponding figures for the preceding six years are shown.
    Age-period. XNumber living at the beginning of each of five periods in the first year of life. 1 X
    1911.1910.1909.1903.1907.1906.1905.
  • Page 12
    The following table shows the age-distribution of the deaths under one year of age in the several sanitary districts of London :—
    Metropolitan borough.Under 1 Week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.0-3 Months.3-6 Months.6-9 Months.9-12 Months.Total under 1 Year
  • Page 13
    Continued from previous page...
    Metropolitan borough.Under 1 week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.0-3 Months.3-6 Months.6-9 Months.9-12 Months.Total under 1 Year.
  • Page 13
    With a view to the consideration of the effect of "social condition" (a) on the rates of infantile mortality at different periods during the first year of life, the following table has been prepared, in which the rates of infantile mortality obtaining for groups of districts can be compared :—
    Age-period.Group of boroughs in order of "social condition." 1
    I.II.III.IV.V.
  • Page 13
    This will be better appreciated by reference to the following table, in which the mortality of the group of districts of relatively highest "social condition" is taken as 100 :—
    Number of group of boroughs in order of "social condition."Comparative mortality—Group I. taken as 100.
    Children aged 0-3 months, iChildren aged 3-6 months.Children aged 6-9 months.Children aged 9-12 months.Children under 1 year.
    1905-10.1911.1905-10.1911.I9C5-10.|1911.1905-10.1911.1905-10.1911.
  • Page 14
    The death-rates in successive periods, including typhus and pyrexia, have been as follows :—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 14
    It will be seen from the following table that in the quinquennium 1906-10, London had a lower death-rate from the above diseases than any of the undermentioned English towns, except Leeds, Bristol, Bradford, Nottingham, and Leicester, and in 1911 had a lower death-rate than any except Manchester, Leeds, Bradford, Nottingham, Salford, Portsmouth, and Leicester.
    Town.1906-10.1911. (b)Town.1906-10.1911. (b)
  • Page 14
    The following table shows that the London death-rate from six of these principal epidemic diseases viz., smallpox, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria (including croup), whooping-cough and enteric fever was, in the quinquennium 1906-10, higher than the death-rate of all the under-mentioned foreign towns, except St. Petersburg and New York, and in 1911 was higher than that of all except St, Petersburg :—
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 15
    The following table shows the deaths from the principal epidemic diseases, excluding pyrexia and diarrhoea and enteritis, and the death-rates per 1,000 persons living in each of the sanitary districts of the County in 1911, and the death-rates for the period 1906-10 :—
    Metropolitan borough.Deaths, 1911 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1906-10.1911.
  • Page 15
    The death-rates from smallpox in successive periods have been as follows:—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 16
    During the complete years in which the notification of infectious diseases has been obligatory, the number of cases of smallpox (uncorrected for errors in diagnosis) notified to the medical officers of health in the various sanitary districts comprised in the Administrative County has been as follows :—
    Year.Cases of smallpox notified.Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 16
    It will be seen from the following table that in the quinquennium 1906-10 only two of the under mentioned towns, namely, Bristol and Hull, had a rate of 0.01 per 1,000, and that in 1911, deaths occurred in London and Birmingham only.
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 16
    The following table shows that of the undermentioned towns, Paris, St. Petersburg and Vienna are the only towns which had an appreciable death-rate from smallpox during the last six years :—
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 17
    The following table shows the proportion of children born in each year who were not finally accounted for in respect of vaccination.
    YearChildren not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) per cent. of total births.Year.Children not finallyaccounted for(including cases postponed) per cent. oftotal births.
  • Page 17
    During these years, the proportion of children exempted by certificate of conscientious objection, together with the proportion of children not finally accounted for in the several Unions, has been as follows:—
    Metropolitan Union.1898.1899.1900.1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.190G.1907.1908.19 9.1910.
  • Page 18
    Continued from previous page...
    Metropolitan Union.1808.1899.1900.1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.
  • Page 18
    The death-rates from this disease per 1,000 persons living in 1911 and preceding periods have been as follows :—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rateper 1,000persons living.
  • Page 18
    children under five years of age deserves to be stated. The following table shows the death-rate from measles of children at this age in successive periods :—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 children living at ages 0—5.Period.Death-rateper 1,000 children livingat ages 0—5.
  • Page 19
    The following table shows the deaths and death-rates from measles in 1911 (52 weeks) in each of the sanitary districts of the County :—
    Metropolitan borough.Deaths, 1911 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000persons living.
    1906-10.1911.
  • Page 19
    The following table shows the measles death-rate (a) at ages 0-5 obtaining in the several sanitary districts of the County of London during the year 1911.
    Metropolitan borough.Death-rate per 1,000 children living aged 0-5, 1911.Metropolitan borough.Death-rate per 1,000 children living aged 0- 5, 1911.Metropolitan borough.Death-rate per 1,000 children living aged 0-5, 1911.
  • Page 20
    The following table shows the measles mortality under five years of age in five groups of districts, arranged in order of "social condition."(a) The figures show that there is marked parallelism between measles mortality and "social condition" :—
    Number of group of boroughs in " order of social condition."Measles death-rate at ages 0-5 per 1,000 living
    1901-10.1911
    (a))(b)(c)
  • Page 20
    If the London measles death-rate be compared with the death-rates of the following large English towns, it will be seen that in the quinquennium 1906-10, the London death-rate was exceeded by the death-rates of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, West Ham, Stoke on-Trent, and Salford and in the year 1911 exceeded that of all except Birmingham, Sheffield and West Ham.
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 20
    The following table shows that the London measles death-rate, in the quinquennium 1906-10, and in the year 1911 was higher than that of any of the undermentioned foreign towns except St. Petersburg
    Town.1900-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 20
    In the latter district, however, the analysis does not cover all the reported cas3s, but only those coming to the knowledge of the medical officer of health during the period of compulsory notification in this borough from May 6th to the 2nd December, 1911.
    Metropolitan borough.0—1—2—3—4 —6—13—13—
  • Page 21
    The medical officer of health of Paddington shows the number of houses in which there occurred during the year more than one case of measles and the medical officer of health of Stepney gives similar information for a limited period.
    Metropolitan Borough.Number of houses in which one or more cases occurred.
    One case.Two cases.Three cases.Four cases.Five cases.Six cases.Seven case?.Eight casesNine cases.
  • Page 22
    The scarlet fever case-rates, death-rates and case-mortality for 1911 and preceding periods a shown in the following table :—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Case-rate par 1,000 persons living.Case-morlality per cent.
  • Page 22
    In 1911 it was exceeded by all except Bristol, West Ham, Bradford, Nottingham and Leicester.
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 23
    The following table shows that in the year 1911 the London scarlet fever death-rate was exceeded by the death -rate of all the undermentioned towns, except Paris and Amsterdam, and in the quin-Imiennium 1906-10 was exceeded by the death-rates of all except Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam, and Copenhagen.
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 23
    The following table shows the scarlet fever cases, deaths, case-rates, and death-rates for the year 1911 and the case-rates and death-rates for the period 1906-10 in the several sanitary districts.
    Metropolitan borough.Notified cases, 1911 (52 weeks).Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.Deaths, 1911 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1906-10.1911.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 24
    attack was upon males and females aged 4-5. The greatest incidence of death was upon males 2-3 and females 1-2. The fatality was highest among males aged 2-3 and females aged 1-2,
    Age-period.MalesFemales.
    Notified cases. (a)Deaths. (a)Case mortailty per cent.Rates per 100,000 livingNotified cases. (a)Deaths. (a)Case mortailty per cent.Rates per 100,000 living
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 24
    If the number of cases notified in the four weeks which would be most subject to holiday influence be compared with the number of cases notified in the four preceding and four succeeding weeks, the results shown in the following table are obtained:—
    Period.Notified cases—Age-periods.Increase ( + ) or decrease ( —) per cent.
    0-33-1313 and upwards.0-33-1313 and upwards.
  • Page 25
    The number of dwellings in which multiple cases occurred is shown in some of the reports, as follows:—
    Metropolitan borough.One case.Two cases.Three cases.Four cases.Five cases.More than five cases.
  • Page 25
    Cases certified to be those of scarlet fever and admitted into the hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board in which the diagnosis was not subsequently confirmed, constituted in successive years the following percentage of the total cases admitted:—
    Year.Percentage.| Year.Percentage.
  • Page 25
    The diphtheria case-rates, death-rates, and case-mortality in 1910, and preceding periods, are shown in the following table:—
    PeriodDeath-rate per 1,000 persons living.Case-rato per 1,000 persons living.Case-mortalityper cent.
  • Page 26
    of all except that of Sheffield, Nottingham and Leicester, and in 1911 was exceeded by the rates of all except Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Bristol, Hull, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Nottingham and Leicester.
    Town.1903-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 26
    The following table shows that in the quinquennium 1908-10 the London death-rate from diphtheria and croup exceeded that of any of the undermentioned foreign towns except Stockholm, St. Petersburg, Berlin, Vienna, and New York; in 1911 the London rate was exceeded by that of St. Petersburg, Berlin and New York.
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 26
    The following table shows the diphtheria cases, deaths, case-rates, and death-rates for the year 1911, and the case-rates and death-rates for the period 1906-10, in the several sanitary districts:—
    Metropolitan borough.Notified Cases, 1911 (52 weeks).Uusse-rate per 1,000 persons living.Deaths, 1911 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1903-10.1911.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 27
    The figures for the years 1901-9 differ from those given in previous reports owing to the revision of the population estimates on the basis of the results of the 1911 census.
    Metropolitan borough.Diphtheria.-Comparative case-rate (London case-rate taken as 100).
    189118921893189418951896189718981899190019011902190319041905190619071908190919101911
  • Page 27
    The fatality was greatest among males and females aged 0-1.
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Notified Cases. (a)Deaths. (b)Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Notified Cases. (a)Deaths. (a)Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,010 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 28
    If the number oi cases in the lour weeks preceding, and the iour weeks subsequent to, the weeks most subject to holiday influence be compared, the following results are obtained for the age periods of 0—3, 3—13, and 13 years and upwards.
    Period.Notified cases-Age periods.Increase(+)or decrease(-)per cent.
    0—3.3—13.13 and upwards.0—3.3—13.13 and upwards.
  • Page 28
    Information concerning the number of specimens examined for diphtheria bacilli at the expense of the sanitary authorities is contained in the reports relating to the following districts:—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of specimens examined.Number found positive.Metropolitan borough.Number of specimens examined.Number found positive.
  • Page 29
    Cases certified to be those of diphtheria and admitted into the hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, but in which the diagnosis was not subsequently confirmed, constituted the following percentage of total cases admitted in successive years:—
    Year.Percentage.Year.Percentage.
  • Page 29
    The deaths from whooping-cough in the Administrative County of London during the year 1911 (52 weeks) numbered 1,038, as compared with 1,363 in 1910 (52 weeks). The death-rates from this disease in 1911 and preceding periods have been as follows:—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 29
    The following are the death-rates of children under five years of age.
    % Period.Death-rate per 1,000 children living at ages 0-5. -Period.Death-rateper 1,000childrenliving atages 0-5.
  • Page 30
    Nottingham, Portsmouth and Leicester ; while in the year 1911 it exceeded that of all except Liverpool, Leeds, Bristol, West Ham, Bradford, Newcastle, Hull and Stoke-on-Trent.
    Town.1906-10.1911.Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 30
    The following table shows that the London whooping-cough death-rate was, in the quinquennium 1906-10, higher than that of any of the undermentioned foreign towns, and in the year 1911 higher than that of all except Amsterdam and Copenhagen.
    Town.1906-10.1911.| Town.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 30
    The following table shows the whooping-cough deaths and death-rates for the year 1911 and the death-rates for the period 1906-10 in the several sanitary districts:—
    Metropolitan borough.Deaths, 1911 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1906-10.1911.
  • Page 31
    The following table shows that when the London sanitary district are grouped according to the social condition of the population, the incidence of whooping-cough mortality progressively increases from the highest to the lowest social group.(a)
    Number of group of boroughs in order of "social condition.""Whooping-cough death-rate at ages 0.5 per 1,000 living,
    1901-10.(b)1911. (c)
  • Page 31
    Information which medical officers of health obtain concerning the occurrence of attacks of whooping-cough is derived, in the main, from school teachers. The number of cases reported, so far as stated in the annual reports, was as follows:-
    Metropolitan borough.Number of cases.Metropolitan borough.Number of cases.
  • Page 31
    There was no deaths from typhus registered in the Adminstrative County of London during the year 1911. The deaths-ratesfrom this disease in successive periods have been as follows:-
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 32
    The case-rates and death-rates per 1,000 persons living and the case-mortality per cent, in 1910 and preceding periods were as follows:—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.Case-mortality per cent.
  • Page 32
    The following table shows the enteric fever cases, deaths, case-rates and death-rates for the year 1911, and the case-rates and death-rates for the period 1906-10 in the several sanitary districts—
    politan borough.Notified cases, 1911 (52 weeks).Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.Deaths, 1911 (52 weeks).Death-rate per l,000 persons living;
    1906-10.1911.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 33
    Report of the Medical Officer of Health.
    Metropolitan borough.Notified cases, 1911 (52 weeks).Case rate per 1,000 persons living.Deaths, 1911 (52 weeks).Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1906-10.1911.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 33
    The fatality was greatest among males aged 45-55 and females over 45 years of age:—
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Notified Cases. (a)Deaths. (a)Case-mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Notified Cases. (a)Deaths. (a)Case- mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 35
    The number of cases in which blood was examined by the Widal test at the expense of the sanitary authority is shown in the reports relating to the following districts:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of specimens examined.No. found positive.Metropolitan borough.No. of specimens examined.No. found positive.
  • Page 35
    Cases certified to be those of enteric fever admitted into the hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, but in which the diagnosis was not subsequently confirmed, constituted the following percentage of total cases admitted in successive years :—
    Year.Percentage.. Year.Percentage.
  • Page 36
    The following table shows that the London death-rate in 1911 from diarrhoea and enteritis among infants under two years of age (calculated upon the population at all ages) was lower than the death-rate of any of the undermentioned large English towns, except Sheffield, Bristol, Bradford, Newcastle-on-Tyne, and Leicester.
    Town.Deaths.Death-rate.Town.Deaths.Death-rate.
  • Page 36
    The deaths and death-rates from diarrhoea and enteritis among infants under two years of age for the year 1911 in each of the sanitary districts of London, are shown in the following table :—
    % I Metropolitan boroughDeaths, 1911 (52 weeks).Death-rate 1911.
    Per 1,000 living, all ages.Per 100 born.
  • Page 37
    The deaths(a) from erysipelas in the Administrative County of London during 1911 (52 weeks) numbered 202, as compared with 130 in 1910 (52 weeks). The age-distribution of these deaths was as follows :—
    Under 1 Year.1—5 —10—15 —20—25—3545—55—65—75 +All ages.
  • Page 37
    The number of cases notified and the number of deaths registered from this disease since 1890 have been as follows:—
    Year.Notified Cases.• Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.Deaths. (b)Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 37
    The number of cases of erysipelas notified and the case-rate for the year 1911, together with the case-rate for the period 1906-10, in the several sanitary districts are shown in the following table :—
    Metropolitan borough.Notified Cases, 1911(52 weeks).Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1906-10.1911.
  • Page 38
    continued from privious page...
    Metropolitan borough.Notified Cases, 1911 (52 weeks).Case-rate per 1,000 persons living.
    1906-10.1911,
  • Page 38
    The following table shows the age and sex distribution of the notified cases of erysipelas in 1911—
    Sex.Under 1 year.1-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75 and upwards.All Ages.
  • Page 38
    The number of cases notified and the number of deaths registered from this cause since the year 1890 have been as follows—
    Year.Notified cases.Deaths, (a)
  • Page 39
    If these cases and deaths are considered in relation to the total population and total births the following rates are obtained—
    Year.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Case-rate per 1,000 birth".Death-rate (a) per 1,000 living.Death-rate (a) per 1,000 births.
  • Page 39
    The deaths and death-rates from these diseases since 1889 have been as follows:—
    Year.Influenza (a).Bronchitis (a).Pneumonia (a).
    Deaths.Death- rate.Deaths.Death-rate.Deaths.Death-rate.
  • Page 40
    The factors for correction, also shown in the table, have been calculated by applying the 1901 census population at each age and for each sex of each of the London sanitary districts to the death-rates at each age and for each sex obtaining for London in the five years 1897-1901 :—
    Metropolitan borough.Standard death- rate.(f)Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death-rate.Corrected death-rate.Comparative mortality figure. (London 1,000.)
    1906-10.1911.1906-10.1911.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 40
    The distribution of deaths (a) from influenza throughout the year (b) for each of the years 1890 to 1911 is shown in the following table:—
    No. of weeks.1890189118921893189118951896189718981899190019011902190319041905190619071908190919101911 (c)
  • Page 40
    The death-rates from this disease in successive periods have been as follows :—
    Period.Denth-rate per 1,000 persons living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 41
    Continued from previous page...
    Metropolitan borough.Standard death- rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death-rate.Corrected death-rate.Comparative mortality figure. (London 1,000.)
    1906-10.1911.1906-10.1911.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 41
    amount of decline in the rates of the different districts. To facilitate comparison the districts are arranged in the ascending order of their death-rates in the first year shown in the table, viz., 1901:—
    Metropolitan borough.Corrected phthisis death-rates per 1,000 persons living (1901-1911).
    1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.1911.
  • Page 42
    The following table shows the mortality from phthisis during the year 1911 in groups of London sanitary districts, arranged in order of "social condition." (a)
    Number of group of boroughs in order of "social condition."Crude phthisis death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected death-rate per 1,000 persons living. COCorrected death-rate (Londcn, 1,000).
  • Page 42
    Pulmonary Tuberculosis.(a) Males.
    Group.Age-period.
    0-1—2—3—4—5—10—15—20—25—35—45—55—65—75—All ages.
  • Page 42
    Females.
    Group.Age-period.
    0—1—2—3—4—10—10—15—20—25—35—45—55—65—75—All ages.
  • Page 43
    All Tubercular Diseases. Males.
    Group.Age-period.
    0—1—2—3—4—5—10—15—20—25—35—45—55—65—75—All ages.
  • Page 43
    Females.
    Group.Age-period.
    0—1—2—3—4—6—10—15—20—25—35—45—55—65—75—All ages.
  • Page 43
    The death-rates from thus disease in successive periods have been as follows:—
    1 Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.I • Period.Death-rate per 1,000 persons living.
  • Page 43
    These factors are shown in the following table, together with the death-rates for each sanitary district corrected by their application.(b)
    Metropolitan borough.Standard death-rate. (c)Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Comparative mortality figure (London 1,000).
    1906-10 (a)1911. (d)1906-10. (a)1911. (b)1906-10. (e)1911. (d)
  • Page 44
    Continued from previous page...
    Metropolitan borough.Standard death-rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Corrected death-rate per 1,000 persons living.Comparative mortality figure (London 1,000).
    1906-10.1911.1906-10.1911.1906-10.1911.
  • Page 44
    The following table shows the corrected death-rate from cancer in each of the sanitary districts of London, annually for the last eleven years:—
    Metropolitan borough.Corrected Cancer death-rates.
    1901.1902.1903.1904.1905.1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.1911. (a)
  • Page 45
    The following table shows the death-rates for the year 1911 according to "social condition as defined in footnote (a) page 13.
    Number of group of boroughs in order of "social condition."Crude cancer death-rate per 1,000 persons living. (a)Corrected death-rate per 1,000 persons living. (b)Corrected death-rate(London, 1,000).
  • Page 45
    The number of deaths in each year since. 1901 has been as follows :—
    Deaths.(c)Deaths.(c)
  • Page 45
    The age distribution of the 101 cases notified in 1911 was as follows :—
    Sex.Cerebro-spinal fever—Age distribution of notified cases, 1911.
    0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-13-13-15–All ages.
  • Page 46
    The temperature and rainfall in each month of the year 1911 are shown in the following table :—
    Month.Temperature of the air.Departure of mean monthly temperature from average of preceding 65 years.Rain and other forms of precipitation.Departure of mean monthly rainfall from average of preceding 65 years.
    Absolute maximum.Absolute minimum.Mean for the month.Number of days it fell.Amount collected.
  • Page 47
    It will be seen that the number of these premises in London is continually decreasing.
    Year.No. of applications received.No. of premises for which licences were granted.
  • Page 47
    The following table relating to cowsheds has been thus prepared:—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of cowshed premises.Number of inspections by the sanitary authority, 1911.Number of prosecutions by sanitary authority, 1911.
    On register at end of 1910.Added in 1911.Removed in 1911.On register at end of 1911.
  • Page 48
    The following table shows the number of milkshop premises at the end of 1910 and 1911 in the metropolitan boroughs of London, the number of inspections and the proceedings taken. The table has mainly been compiled from information contained in the annual reports :—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of premises, (a)Number of inspections, 1911.Number of notices, 1911.Number of prosecutions. 1911.
    On register at end of 1910.Added in 1911.Removed in 1911.On register at end of 1911.
  • Page 49
    Continued from previous page...
    Metropolitan borough.Number of premises. (*)N umber of inspections, 1911.Number of notices, 1911.N umber of prosecutions 1911.
    On register at end of 1910.Added in 1911.Removed in 1911.On register at end of 1911.
  • Page 49
    During the year 1911 there were six inspections of all the cows in the London cowsheds, and the results of the veterinary inspector's examination are shown in the following table :—
    Details of Examination.1st period, 11th Dec., 1910, to 21st Feb., 1911.2nd period, 22nd Feb. to 10th April, 1911.3rd period, 11th April to 9th June, 1911.4th period, 10th June, to 1st August, 1911.5th period, 2nd August to 19th Oct., 1911.6th period, 20th Oct., 1911, to 12th Jan, 1912.
  • Page 50
    The following table shows the number of samples taken during the year under review, the counties from which they were derived, and the results of bacteriological examination at the Lister Institute.
    County.No. of samples taken from churns for examination.No. of samples found to be tuberculous.No. of samples found not to be tuberculous.No. of samples the examina-tion of whichwas notcompleted owing to accident andother causes.
  • Page 51
    It will be seen that the number of these premises is continually decreasing :—
    Year.No. of applications received.No. of premises for which licences were granted. Year.No. of applications received.No. of premises for which licences were granted.
  • Page 51
    The following table shows the number of farms visited, the number of cows inspected and the number of cows certified to have tuberculosis of the udder during the year :—
    County.No. of farms inspected.No. of cows inspected.No. of cows with tuberculous udders.
  • Page 52
    The number of slaughter-houses in each metropolitan borough (other than those under the jurisdiction of the City Corporation) and the frequency with which these slaughter-houses, in most of the boroughs, were inspected, is shown in the following table :—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of slaughter-houses (a).No. of inspections, 1911.No. of notices, 1911.
    Licensed at end of 1910.Licence lapsed or refused in 1911.Remaining at end of 1911.
  • Page 52
    The boroughs in which these premises are situated, the number of premises, and for most boroughs, the number of inspections, are shown in the following table :—
    Metropolitan borough.No. on Register at end of 1911.No. of inspections, 1911.Metropolitan borough.No. on a Register at end of 1911.No. of inspections, 1911.
  • Page 53
    The following table, which is compiled mainly from information contained in the annual reports, shows the action taken by sanitary authorities in respect of smoke nuisance during the year, so far as this is stated in those reports.
    Metropolitan borough.Observations and inspections.Nuisances and complaints.Intimations.Statutory-Notices.Summonses.
  • Page 54
    Information of these proceedings is not given in tabular form in several of the reports, and the following table has been mainly compiled from the information otherwise contained in them :
    Metropolitan borough.No. of houses inspected.No. of house 3 dealt with under Section 15.No. of representations, 1911.No. of closing orders, 1911.No. of houses, defects remedied without closing orders.No. of houses, defects remedied after closing ordersNo. of houses demolished.Remarks.
  • Page 55
    Underground Rooms. The number of underground rooms dealt with in 1911 in the several metropolitan boroughs is shown in the following table :—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of rooms illegally occupied.No. of rooms closed or illegal occupation discontinued.Metropolitan borough.No. of rooms illegally occupied.No. of rooms closed or illegal occupation discontinued.
  • Page 55
    Overcrowding. The following table, showing the number of dwelling rooms found overcrowded in each metropolitan borough, is compiled from information supplied by the medical officers of health, in their annual reports :—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of dwelling-rooms overcrowded.No. remedied.No. of prosecutions.
  • Page 56
    Continued from previous page...
    Metropolitan borough.. No. of dwelling-rooms overcrowded,No. remedied,No. of prosecutions.
  • Page 56
    The following table has been compiled from the annual reports of medical officers of health, and shows the number of houses let in lodgings on the register and the number of inspections, notices issued and proceedings taken during the year 1911.
    Metropolitan borough.Number of places.No. of Inspections,1911.%No. of Notices, 1911.No. ofProsecutions,1911,
    On register at end of 1901.Addedin1911.Removed in1911.On register at end of 1911.
  • Page 57
    Continued from previous page...
    Metropolitan borough.Number of places.No. of Inspections, 1911.No. of Notices, 1911.No of Prosecutions, 1911.
    On register at end of 1910.Added in 1911.Removed in 1911.On register at end of 1911.
  • Page 57
    The population thus dealt with comprised 27,704 persons, and the death-rate at "all ages," after correction for age and Rex distribution, was 9.5 per 1,000 living, compared with 15-0 for London :—
    Cause of death.Death-rate per 1,000 living, 1911.
    Council's dwellings.London.
  • Page 58
    In the following table will be seen the number of houses, the authorised number of lodgers, the number of convictions, with the penalties inflicted, and other particulars during each year since 1894
    Year.No. of houses on register.Authorised number of lodgers.No. of day visits by inspectors.No. of night visits.No. of prosecu tions.No. of convictions.Penalties and costs.No. of cases of infectious disease.
    £s.d.
  • Page 58
    The following table shows the total number of common lodging houses, and the authorised accommodation for the different classes of lodgers in the several sanitary areas of London, other than that of the City, on 31st December, 1911 : —
    Sanitary District.Number of Houses.Authorised Accommodation.
    Men.Women.Couples.Total.
  • Page 59
    Table showing the number of deaths of males at five age periods from certain causes per 1,000 deaths from all causes in London (1910) and licensed common lodging-houses (1910 and 1911).
    Cause of death.Age 25 to 35.Age 35 to 45.Age 45 to 55.Age 55 to 65.Age 65 and upwards.
    London, 1910.C.L.H 1010.C.L.H. 1911.London, 1910.C.L.H. 1910.C.L.H. 1911.London, 1910.C.L.H. 1910.C.L.H. 1911.London 1910.C.L.H. 1910.C.L.H 1911.London, 1910.C.L H. 1910.C.L.H. 1911
  • Page 59
    The number of seamen's lodging houses under supervision at the end of 1911 was 36 situated in the following metropolitan boroughs :—
    Metropolitan borough.Houses.Lodgers.
  • Page 60
    In the following table will be seen the number of houses, the authorised number of lodgers, the number of convictions, with the penalties inflicted, and other particulars, during each year since the supervision of seamen's lodging-houses was undertaken by the Council:—
    Year.No. of houses on register.Authorised number of lodgers.No. of day visits by inspectors.No. of night visits.No. of prosecutions.No. of convictions.Penalties and costs.No. of cases of infectious disease.
    £.s.d.
  • Page 60
    Some information on this subject is given in the annual reports and the following table has been compiled from the material thus made available :—
    Metropolitan borough.Adults.Children.Metropolitan borough.Adults.Children.
  • Page 61
    London County Council (General Powers) Act of 1904, to which reference has just been made and the information given on this subject relative to the year 1911 has been summarised in the following table:—
    Metropolitan borough.Number of rooms or premises cleansed.Metropolitan borough.Number of rooms or premises cleansed.
  • Page 62
    The details for each of the four months are shown in the following table :—
    Lodgers cleansed.Salvation Army Shelter, St. Ann's Westminster.Salvation Army Shelter, Charles-street, Holborn.
    Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.
  • Page 64
    So far as can be gathered from the information contained in the reports of medical officers of health, the following table shows the extent to which the powers referred to have been applied during 1911:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of premises caused to be supplied.No. of legal proceedings.
  • Page 64
    The number of applications received and certificates granted during 1911 is shown in the following table:—
    Metropolitan borough.No. of houses for which applications for certificates were received during 1911.No. of tenements comprised therein.No. of tenements for which applications for certificates were
    Granted.Refused.Deferred or withdrawn.
  • Page 65
    Continued from previous page...
    Metropolitan borough*No. of houses for which applications for certificates were received during 1911.No. of tenements comprised therein.No. of tenements for winch applications for certificates were made.
    Granted.Refused.Deferred or withdrawn.
  • Page 65
    It will be seen from the following table, comparing the work done in 1911 with that done in previous years that there is little variation from year to year in the number of defects found, although there has been some increase in the number of workshops under inspection.
    1905.1906.1907.1908.1909.1910.1911.
  • Page 66
    The following table summarises the information thus available and shows the number of these premises in each metropolitan borough and other particulars
    Metropolitan borough.Number of places.No. of inspections, 1911.No. of notices, 1911.No. of prosecutions, 1911.
    On register at end of 1910.Added in 1911.Removed in 1911.On register at end of 1911.
  • Page 67
    The annual reports of medical officers of health supply information as to the number of premises inspected and the number of inspections as shown in the following table :—
    Metropolitan borough.Premises used for the preparation and sale of food.(a)N umber of inspections.Metropolitan borough.Premises used for the preparation and sale of food. (a)Number of inspections.
  • Page 68
    The reports relating to the following districts show that proceedings before the magistrate in connection with unsound food were instituted in the instances stated.
    Sanitary Authority.No. of Proceedings.Result.
  • Page 69
    Shelters. The following figures, which are taken from the annual reports, show the extent to which the existing shelters were used during the year 1911, for the accommodation of persons and families, while their homes were being disinfected.
    Metropolitan borough.No. of persons accommodated.Metropolitan borough.No. of persons accommodated.
  • Page 69
    Mortuaries. The number of bodies received into the mortuaries of the metropolitan borough councils during the year is shown in the following table :—
    Metropolitan borough.Total number of bodies received into mortuary.Number of infectious bodies received into mortuary.Metropolitan borough.Total number of bodies received into mortuary.Number of infectious bodies received into mortuary.
  • Page 71
    Number of persons found homeless at night.
    Date.Men.Women.Young Persons.Total.
  • Page 72
    The following table shows the total number of persons who, on the night of the 17th February, 1911, might have been regarded as homeless, on the ground of being unable to pay for a bed.
    Description.Men.Women.Young Persons.Total.
  • Page 73
    The qualification of the London midwives is as follows :—
    Qualification of Midwife.Number not giving notice of intention to practise.Number giving notice of intention to practise.Total.
  • Page 74
    on a charge of drunkenness was communicated to the Central Midwives Board, and conviction of a midwife for procuring abortion was also reported to the Board
    Charge.Result.
  • Page 76
    The following table shows the information obtained under ( b ) and ( c ) :—
    Condition of child.Total cases.Period of gestation.
    Full term.8 months.7 months.6 months or less.Not stated.
  • Page 77
    The following table summarises the verdict with respect to cases in which blame was attributed :—
    Confinement conducted byTotal number of inquests.Deaths of motners.Deaths of infants.
    Censured.No censure.Censured.No censure.
  • Page 77
    The cause for the censure shown in the foregoing table was as follows :—
  • Page 78
    The following table gives the results of these inquiries which relate to the 302 notified cases and 48 deaths of cases not notified in London:—
    Delivery conducted byCases.Deaths.
  • Page 78
    The cause of death as stated in the death certificates in the 142 fatal cases where the deceased was confined in London is shown in the following table :—
    Cause of death.Notified cases.Unnotified cases.Total.
  • Page 78
    The number of fatal cases of puerperal fever which followed abortion or miscarriage was 21. The classification of these cases is shown by the figures in brackets in the last column of the above table.
    Total.15-2020-2525-3030-3535-4040-15Over 45Age not given.
  • Page 79
    The following table shows the day or the puerperium on which (a) the rise or temperature (if noted) occurred, (b) medical aid was obtained, (c) the case was notified as puerperal fever, and ( d ) the death took place if the case were fatal.
    Day of confine- ment.2nd day.3rd day.4th day.5 th day.6th day.7 th day.8th day.9 th day.10th day.After 10th day.Total.
  • Page 79
    The parity of women who contracted puerperal fever was ascertained from the midwife to be:-
    Total.Primipara.2 para.3 para.4 para.5 para.6 para.7 para.8 para.9 para.10 para.Over 10 para.
  • Page 85
    another enquiry was made in connection with the present outbreak by Dr. Thomas of Finsbury and myself. The results of these enquiries were as follows :—
    Borough in which outbreak occurred.Total population of area in which enquiry was made.Percentage of population who did not eat fried fish at all.Percentage of population eating fried fish obtained from a particular suspected shop.Percentage of population eating fried fish obtainet from other sources and not from suspected shop.
  • Page 85
    Result of enquiries made in two "control populations'' in Finsbury, October , 1911.
    Inner Radius.Outer Ring.
    Age.PopulationX's shop.Others.Non-eaterspopulationX's shop.Others.Non-eaters.
    MFPMFPMFPMFPMFPMFPMFPMFP
  • Page 86
    ICE CREAM.
    Inner Radius.Outer Ring.
    Age.Population.X's shop0thers.Non-eaters.Population.X's shop.Others.Non-eaters
  • Page 88
    The closeness of this correspondence may be further illustrated by dividing up the area(within the circle of 440 feet radius described around the chosen centre) into five areas with, roughly speaking, equal population of some six or eight hundred person each.
    Areas.Customers.Sufferers.
    Total.Percentage.Total.Percentage.
  • Page 91
    A summary from the tables shows the following numbers :—
    Goups.Departments.Numbers examined.Defects found.Percentages.
  • Page 92
    The following table shows the effect of personal equation in twenty-three fairly comparable school taken at random as examined by five diffrent doctors on examinations in regard to these points.
    Examining doctor.Percentage of referred for treatment.Percentage of throat defects.Percentage of ear defects.
  • Page 96
    In a few cases "not improved" the conditions were distinctly wrose.
    Breathing exercises.Slightly enlarged tonsils.Adenoids ?Mouth breathing.
    Improved.Not improved.Improved.Not improved.Improved.Not improved.
  • Page 96
    Wells before the operation and remotely after recovery from it, were as follows :—
    100 "adenoid " cases and symptoms noted.First series of 50 cases.Second series of 50 oases.Percentage presenting symptoms.
    Before operation.A year and a half laterBefore operation.One year 1ater.Before operation.At least a year later.
  • Page 97
    In this enquiry each teacher was asked to ascertain what children had been operated on for adenoids. The children were then examined by the doctor, who analysed his notes with the following result:—
    Total number.Operative result.Of the satisfactory cases.
    Unsatisfactory.Satis, factory.Still mouth-breathers.Wholly satisfactory.
  • Page 97
    The conditions which still remained after the operations were—
    Unsatisfactory results in 237 of 400 children operated on.Adenoids.Hypertrophied tonsils.Hypertrophied turbinals.Deflected septum.Nasal polypi.Otorrhœa.Deafness.
  • Page 98
    The places where operations were said to have been performed were—
    400 cases (442 operations).Satisfactory.Unsatisfactory.Total.
  • Page 99
    It was not expected to find any material effect on the deciduous teeth, but the entrants aged 4—b, the 8 year old group and the 12 year old group were all recorded. He found—
    Breast fed children.Bottle fed children.
    Number examined.Teeth carious.Number examined.Teeth oarious
    Upper.Lower.Total.UpperLower.Total.
  • Page 99
    The average number of obviously carious teeth in these various groups of children were—
    AgeInfants (4—6).8 years old.12 years old.
  • Page 101
    Report of the Medical Officer (Education).
    Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr.May.June.July.Aug.Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.Total.
  • Page 101
    For the temporary teeth the following table shows the need of early dental care; even at six years of age 64 per cent, of the children sent have four or more teeth carious and by seven this reaches 74 per cent.
    Ages.Numbers of children.Percentage with number of carious temporary teeth.Percentage with decayed teeth.
    12345678 or more.
  • Page 101
    In the case of the permanent teeth there is no natural cure by loss as in the case of the temporary teeth, and here a functionally damaged tooth is a loss for the whole of life, but even during school days this loss is extensive, the loss of the first four permanent molars being quite common, and in the column of four permanent teeth carious the increase is rapid with age, and it is an increase not only in numbers of teeth attacked but in extent of damage, for so many teeth become unsavable and have to be removed.
    Age.Number of children.Percentages with numbers of carious permanent teeth.Percentages with unsavable permanent teeth.
    12341 or more.12341 or more.
  • Page 102
    The following table gives a conspectus of this work during the seven years in which it has been followed:—
    Year.Specimens submitted.Ringworm found.Favus found.No fungus found.Insufficient material.
  • Page 103
    The following table compares the physique of the children admitted to Birley House with certain children measured as standards in London schools in 1906:—
    Birley House. 1911.Weights.Heights.Kilos gain in 36 weeks.Average weekly gain kilos.
    SexAge groups.Number in age group.Birley House.Average of all L.C.C. schools. jBirley House.Average of all L.C.C. schools.Birley House.Standard children.Birley House in the summer and autumn.Standard children in the year.
  • Page 105
    Setting out the weights of the two boys recorded in Figure 2 as per~ centages of their weights on admission, and also their rate of gain for each period, as percentage of weight at beginning of the period, it is seen how regular these fluctuations are.
    —1908.1909.19101911.
    PercentagesSchool open.School closed.Open.Closed.Open.Closed.Open.
  • Page 106
    The other classes of type A, that is central classes formed from delicate children selected from neighbouring schools as well, gave the following results:—
    Weight.Rochelle-street.Daniel-street.• Turin-street.
    Numbers.% weekly increase.Numbers.% weekly increase.Numbers.% weekly increase.
  • Page 107
    At other playground classes chiefly type C, where the children are drawn from the particular school only and were in the playground for from 20 to 26 weeks, the following results were noted:—
    Weights, 1911Gainsborough-road St. IV. (Boys).Queensmill-road. St. VI. (Boys).Essex-street. St. IV. & V. (Girls).St. Paul's (Burdett-road), E. St. II. (Girls).
    Numbers.% weekly increase.Numbers.% weekly increase.Numbers.% weekly increase.Numbers.% weekly increase.
  • Page 107
    The other results were:—
    Percentage of height weekly increase April—Oct., 1911.Rochelle-street.Daniel-street.Turin-street.Gainsboro-road B.Queensmill-road B.Essex-street G.St. Paul's, Burdett-road, G.
  • Page 110
    The average weights were taken for children aged 9—13, of whom there was a full record, as below:—
    At 25th week. Age last birthday.Sex.Numbers analysed.1911.1912.
    25th week.35th.45th.50th.5th.10th.
  • Page 110
    Average weights at different times of groups of children at Kensal House School. If the percentage rates of growth are calculated as weekly percentages for these periods they are very concordant throughout, as shown in the table:—
    Age at 25th week.Sex.1911.1912.Whole period 25th week to 59th week— 37 weeks.Normal children 52 weeks (annual).
    25th to 35th week.35th to 45th.45th to 50th.50th to 57th.57th to 59th.
  • Page 111
    Dr. Letitia Fairfield by taking the ten years 1900-09 in order to average infectious diseases,ascertained that the mortality for London as deduced from the figures of the Registrar General, and re-arranged by interpolation in years of life, give for the common infections (measles, whooping cough, scarlet fever and diphtheria) and for tuberculous disease, the following numbers of deaths.
    Ages.2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-20
  • Page 113
    A further analysis of these numbers shows that the causes of the second reference were for—
    Want of cleanliness.Vision.Teeth.Throat.Ears.RingwormSkin.Nose.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)
  • Page 113
    The following table shows the nature ot the delects oi Zo junior county scholars who were rejected ; one was rejected for two defects.
    Want of cleanlinessVision.Teeth.Throat.Nose.Tuberculosis.General health.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
  • Page 114
    Of the 177 who were referred, 25 (1 boy, 24 girls) were referred a second time owing to the conditions not having been remedied. An analysis of these numbers is given in the following table—
    Scholarship.Number referred a second time.Referred for
    Want of cleanliness.Vision.Throat.Teeth.Nose.Skin.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 114
    Some of the scholars were referred again for more than one defect. 9 candidates (7 boys, 2 girls) were rejected for reasons set out below. One of the candidates was rejected for two defects—
    Scholarship.No. rejectedReason of rejection.
    Want of cleanliness.1 Throat.Teeth.Vision.Sundry.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.FM.F.
  • Page 114
    Of the 326 special scholarship candidates who were referred 79 junior domestic economy scholars (girls) were referred a second time owing to defects not having been remedied. The defects are indicated in the following table—
    Scholarship.Number referred a second time.Referred for
    Want of cleanliness.Vision.Throat.Teeth.Nose.Anaemia.Ears.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
  • Page 114
    Some of the candidates were referred again for more than one defect. Forty-three (2 boys 41 girls) were rejected for reasons set out below. Some of the candidates were rejected for more than one defect.
    Scholarship.Number rejected.Reason of rejection.
    Want of cleanliness.Heart.Teeth.VisionAnaemia.Sundry.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 115
    Of the 461 candidates who were referred, 35 (3 males and 32 females) were referred more than once for reasons indicated below—
    Awards.Number referred a second time.Referred for
    Want of cleanliness.Throat.Vision.Anaemia.Nose.Hearing.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 115
    Some of the candidates were referred again for more than one defect. Nineteen candidates (6 males, 13 females) were rejected for the reasons given in the subjoined table—
    Awards.Number rejected.Causes of rejection
    Want of cleanlinessHearing.Vision.Heart.Sundry.
    (1)(2)(3)M(5)(6)(7)
    M.F.M.F.M.E.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page 116
    The following table shows the result of the cleansing scheme as applied to heads (1911)—
    DepartmentsNumber of Children ExaminedNumber CleanNumber verminous and White Cards served (First Notice)Number of Red Cards served (Final WarningNumber Proposed by Nurse for ExclusionNumber Excluded for ProsecutionNumber Prosecuted
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)
  • Page 117
    The work done by the nurses and the nine cleansing stations may be summed as under—
    Departments.Number examined.Number clean.Number verminous and card M.O.24 se ved.Children returned clean.Number on whom statutory notices served.Number cleansed at L.C.C. stations.Prosecutions.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)
  • Page 117
    The following table shows the conditions found during the past year.
    Examination.No. of Pupils.No. of verminous heads found.Percentage of unclean heads on the pupils examined.
    Boys.Girls.Boys.Girls.Boys.Girls.
  • Page 119
    The variation is shown for the past half dozen years in the following table:—
    Disease.Year.Total numbers notified.Weekly mean.Percentage of school children to all persons.
    All ages.School children.
    All ages.School children.
    per cent.
  • Page 120
    percentage variation from the mean. The number of schools under observation for the above diseases were measles 777, scarlatina 400, and diphtheria 204. The departmental distribution was as follows :—
    Disease.Boys.Girls.Mixed.Infants.Special, &c.
  • Page 120
    The following table shows the number of school closures during 1911:—
    Department.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Measles.Scarlet Fever and Measles.Scarlet Fever, Measles and Whooping Cough.
    Depts.Rooms.Depts.Rooms.Depts.Rooms.Depts.Depts.
  • Page 122
    The average attendance is given for each, and the percentage of cases of scarlatina; in addition, separately given, is the percentage of children with sore throats treated as suspicious, and elsewhere than this table included as cases of fever.
    School.Average attendanceScarlet fever cases."Sore throats," etc.Child contacts excluded.School,Average attendanceScarlet fever cases."Sore throats," etc.Child contacts excluded.
  • Page 122
    suggest the factor of house exposure. The numbers were:—
    Departments.Average attendance.Numbers.Percentages.
    Sufferers.Contacts.Sufferers.Contacts.
  • Page 125
    The schools where the enquiry was made were noted as follows:—
    Name of School,Department.Approximate Roll.N umber with Ear Discharges.Number with suspicion of , Diph. Bacilli.Positive finding of Diph, Bacilli.School history for past six months,
  • Page 127
    The zymotics affecting the same elements of the population are comparable with each other in the same country.
    1887 to 1908.Deaths per million living.
    United KingdomFrance.Prussia.Austria.Belgium.Holland.U.S.A.
  • Page 127
    In the case of the United Kingdom these figures can be still further sub-divided.
    Deaths per million living.
    United Kingdom.England and Wales.Scotland.Ireland.
  • Page 128
    the case mortalities of both measles and whooping cough were highest among very young children.
    Age years123456789101112
  • Page 128
    which will err on the low side, can be made for the probable number of cases at each age in London in that year by using the Aberdeen figures:—
    London, 1909, Measles.—1.—2.—3.-4.-5.-10.—15.Total.
  • Page 129
    The Aberdeen figures, when analysed according to the number of rooms in the house, gave:—
    Rooms in house12345All houses.
  • Page 136
    The results of these examinations so far as educational differentiation is concerned were as follows:—
    M.D.m.D. and p.d.P.D.Blind.Blind and Deaf.Myopes.Deaf.Deaf and M.D.Hard of Hearing.Industrial School.es.Imbecile.Invalid or Epileptic.Total.
  • Page 139
    The following analysis gives the detailed results of each test or observation on the schedules of the 209 children examined:—
    Age—789101112131415
  • Page 140
    arrangement they were given two adjacent boxes and asked which was the heavier. The results of the arranging test appear to have some relation to manual work with wood and metals, as shown in the following table—
    Number of errors.Elder boys' school.Other schools.Total.
  • Page 140
    The response that the larger is the heavier is said to normal for very young children, so that its persistence to later life may be an example of delayed evolution, but the results, age for age, seem too irregular to allow of definite conclusions—
    Age.Smaller the heavier.Both equal.Larger heavier.
  • Page 141
    This like other tests, shows evidence of delayed mental evolution in the majority and of almost complete arrest at an early stage in a smaller number.
    Age-789101112131415Total
  • Page 142
    a child is interested, when naturally a better idea of his potentialities can be obtained. The results obtained were as follows :—
    Marks.Age-9101112131415Total.
  • Page 142
    two-letter words in an infants' primer, or in some cases single letters, to a newspaper extract utilised by Binet, which corresponds roughly in difficulty to a Standard III. reader. The results were:—
    Age789101112131415Total.
  • Page 143
    One boy on being shown a slip, on which was" Pick up a pen, promptly sat down, the proper response to a slip which had been used a little before. The results were—
    Response.Age-789101112131415
  • Page 144
    It is a common experience to be told that a child can write, and on investigation to find that he can write his name and nothing else, sometimes not even a single component letter if asked for separately.
    Age—780101112131415Total
  • Page 144
    Spontaneous writing was tested by asking the child to write down the name of an object, such as a pen or a pox a pen or a box held up before him otherwise indicate.
    Result.Age—789101112131415Total
  • Page 144
    In counting up the money it was first made certain that the children knew the value of all the coins, and if they failed at first a set of coins was counted over with them and later results noted; four or five coins only were employed, the denominations varying with the age and the results were as follows:—
    Age—789101112131415Total.
  • Page 145
    No case was counted as a failure in the following table unless it was unable to give its age plus or minus two years—
    Age.Age in two year's time.Age two years ago.
    Succeeded.Failed.Succeeded.Failed.
  • Page 145
    Several isolated tests belonging to this series are included in the group already mentioned, but the standard required for success was not always the same, so that the accompanying table of results refers only to those in whom the series was worked through—
    Succeed.Fail.
    78910111213147891011121314
  • Page 146
    Continued from previous page...
    Succeed.Fail
    78910111213147891011121314
  • Page 147
    The tests were tried with 60 children, and the following table shows the one at which each first failed:—
    Age.
    Test.789101112131415Total
  • Page 150
    As a result the 209 children examined may be classified as follows—
    School.South-grove.Priory-road.Offord-road.Total
  • Page 155
    The number of high myopes passed as requiring such treatment has been :—
    Year.For the Class at Boundary-lane.Invalided, treated as Blind, or allowed to remain in E.S.
  • Page 155
    The first grouping of these 874 children is as follows:—
    Boys.Girls.Total.Percentage.
  • Page 159
    The cases were noted separately where parents were present and confirmed the diagnosis by their history, as follows:—
    Heart condition.Boys 64 in 2,942.Girls 77 in 3,050.Total children 141 in 5,992.
    Unaffected.Affected.Unaffected.Affected.Unafected.Affected.
  • Page 159
    Dr. O. K. Williamson has also noted rheumatism and allied conditions, as well as heart disease. His results from 2,479 cases may be tabulated as follows -
    Number.Signs of heart trouble.History of rheumatismChorea.
    With joint swellings.Without joint affection.
  • Page 160
    Miss Dobbie, who has special knowledge of these defects, having spent much time both in the surgical diagnosis and treatment of orthopaedic cases and in the application of exercises to them, has made very careful notes on a considerable number of unselected children of the 8—9 and 12—13 year old groups, born in 1899 and 1903. She has analysed her records as follows:—
    Age groupSexNumbera examinedNormal spinesKyphosisLordosisKyplio-lordosisLateral curvesKnockkneesTendency to flat " feet
    SlightDefiniteSlightDefinite
  • Page 160
    Miss Dobbie also compared the older (12—13) group of children with reference to their vision and obtained the following results, which do not seem to support the idea that spinal and oculai conditions are related :—
    Spinal condition.Sex.Numbers.Vision NormalVision fair.Vision bad.Vision.
    66666Unequal
    69121824
  • Page 167
    Remembering that children usually grow most rapidly about the middle third of the school year, and that it is better for the seats to err in the way of being too large, the seats should be fitted in classes to suit the various groups of children at about the eighth month of their school year, increase of height during the rest of the school year being small. With labelled desk sizes for children of various heights the children could be supervised as to their seats by a monitor. Each child in school should know its height and the size of seat it should occupy. The dimensions issued for Sheffield patterns are:¡ª
    For infant schools.For standards Boys, girls, and mixed.
  • Page 167
    For the distribution of these desks in class rooms the measurements of some 8,000 children taker in 1906 are useful. These children were distributed in percentages of those in each standard in the following height groups:¡ª
    Height in centimetres, up to104105-110-115-120-125-130-135-140-145-150-155-160-165-170
  • Page 167
    From these numbers the proportions of desks to each room can be estimated. The larger sizes are more numerous for girls than boys in the upper standards, but the difference is not very great and for practical purposes may be averaged as in the lowest part of the table. The numbers are given for a class of 40 in each case:¡ª
    Desk sizeNo. 3.No. 4.No. 5.No. 6.No. 7.No. 8.
  • Page 169
    Want of occupation, according to Dr. Hawkes, seems one of the chief factors in bringing boys to the homes. The numbers increase with each year of life till school ages are past when they drop.
    School status.Infant schools.Senior (standard) schools. ILeft School.
    Ages—3—4—5—6—7—8-9—10—11—12—13—14-15—16
  • Page 170
    These groups were then separated into those children of Jewish and non-Jewish descent, and the physical condition estimated by average heights and weights were taken out and set forth in the following table:—
    E. London, 1911.Born in 1899. • |Born in 1903.
    Stepney.Numbers.Average Weight.Average Height.Numbers.Average Weight.Average Height.
  • Page 171
    Notes were taken of 28 girls at Baltic-street, a very poor school, and 9 boys at Rosebery-avenue. The cases were numbered girls 1—28, boys 29—37.
    Factors of inattention.Girls.(Case numbers.)Boys.
  • Page 176
    The prevalence of contagious disease in animals in London during the year 1911 and certain preceding years is shown by the following statement:—
    Disease.Number of animals attacked by disease.
    1904-5.1905-6.1906-7.1907-8.1908-9.1910.1911.
  • Page 176
    The following table shows the number of animals attacked by glanders in London and th adjoining counties, together with the total cases for Great Britain, during each of the past ten years
    Year.London.Middlesex.Essex.Kent.Surrey.Great Britain.Percentage of London cases.
  • Page 178
    The area drained by the system and the resident population thereof (1911) are approximately as follows—
    Sq. miles.Persons.
  • Page 178
    The following table shows the quantity of crude sewage treated, chemicals used in precipitation, and sludge sent to sea, together with the quantity of refuse intercepted at the gratings at the outfall works at Barking and Crossness respectively during the year 1911:—
    Barking. gallons.Crossness. gallons.Total. gallons.
  • Page 181
    The following is a statement of works or contracts connected with the main drainage and flood relief schemes which have been completed, or are in progress.
    North of the Thames.£s.d.
  • Page 182
    South of the Thames. Main Drainage Extension Scheme find additional works in connection therewith.
    Southern outfall sewer enlargement and Southern high-level sewer. No. 2—£s.d.
  • Page 182
    The subjoined table shows the total length and sizes of the local sewers, the construction of which was sanctioned by the Council during the year.
    Size.North of Thames. feet.South of Thames. feet.Total length. feet.
  • Page 184
    The figures given in the following table, which are taken from a memorandum dated 9th November, 1911, issued by the Local Government Board, indicate the action taken during the year ended 31st March, 1911, so far as the information could be obtained, and for comparison the corre-spording figures are also given for the year ended 31st March, 1910, during which the new procedure was in force for about four months, and for the year ended 31st March, 1909, during the whok of which the old procedure was in force—
    Year.
    1910-11.1909-10.1908-5.
  • Page 189
    The result of the year's working under the Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890, are as follows:-
    £s.d.
  • Page 190
    The total expenditure on dwellings was £138 907.
    1910-11.Percent, of gross rental.1911-12.Per cent, of gross rental.
  • Page 191
    The total expenditure on dwellings was £50,187.
    1910-11.Per cent, of gross rentalI.1911-12.Per cent, of gross rental.
  • Page 192
    The total financial results on all dwellings and estates from April, 1894 (the date of the opening of the first block) to the 31st March, 1912, apart from contributions from or to rates, are as follows—
    Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890—£s.d.
  • Page -
    TABLE SHOWING PROCEEDINGS OF LONDON SANITARY AUTHORITIES UNDER THE FACTORY AND "WORKSHOP ACT, 1901.
    Premises, Particulars, Class, &c.City of London.Battersea.Bermondsey.Bethnal Green.Camberwell.Chelsea.Deptford.Finsbury.Fulham.Greenwich.Hackney.Hammersmith.Hampstead.Holborn.Islington.Kensington.Lambeth.Lewisham.Paddington.Poplar.St. Marylebone.St. Panoras.Shoreditch.Southwark.Stepney.Stoke Newington.Wandsworth.City of Westminster.Woolwich.
  • Page -
    CASES OP TYPHOID FEVER OCCURRING IN OR ASSOCIATED WITH AN AREA IN FINSBURY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, 1911.
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex.Age.Milk—Whether obtained from Zor not.Ice-cream.Fried fish.Remarks.
  • Page -
    CASES OF TYPHOID FEVER OCCURRING IN OR ASSOCIATED WITH AN AREA IN FINSBURY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, 1911.
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex.Age.Milk— Whether obtained from Z. or not.Ice-cream.Fried fish.Remarks,
  • Page -
    APPENDIX III. SUMMARY OF REPORTS ON 638 SCHOOL BUILDINGS INSPECTED BY SCHOOL DOCTORS, 1911.
    Departments.Sanitation.Lighting.Heating.Ventilation.Furniture.
    Artificial.Natural.
    Good.Fair.Bad.Good.Fair.Bad.Good.Fair.Bad.Good.Fair.Bad.Good.Fair.Bad.Good.Fair.Bad.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX IV. MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN, 1911. SUMMARY OF DEFECTIVE CONDITIONS REPORTED BY SCHOOL DOCTORS. CHILDREN AGED 8-9 YEARS.
    Divisional Superintendent's area. (Constituent boroughs).Number - of children ex- . amined.Cleanliness.Clothing.Nutrition.Teeth.Eyes.Throat and nose.Ears.Speech.HeartLungs.Skin.Glands.Rickets.Deformities.Nervous complaints.Anæmia.Tuberculosis (not pulmonary).Other defects.
    Good.Average.Bad.Good.Aver- age.Bad.Good.Average.Bad.Good.Average.Bad.Defective vision and squint.Disease.Adenoids.Tonsils.Diseases of nose.Other defects.Deafness.Discharging.Other defects.Stammering andOther defects.Valvular lesion.Other defects.1 Phthisis.Other defects.I Ringworm.Other defects.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX IV. MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN, 1911. SUMMARY OF DEFECTIVE CONDITIONS REPORTED BY SCHOOL DOCTORS. CHILDREN AGED 12-13 YEARS.
    Divisional Superintendent's area.(Constituent boroughs).Number of children exam ined.Cleanliness.Clothing.Nutrition.Teeth.Eyes.Throat and Nose.Ears.Speech.Heart.Lungs.Skin.Glands.Rickets.Deformities.Nervous complaints.Anæmia.Tuberculosis (not pulmonary).Other defects.
    Good.Average.Bad.Good.Average.Bad.Good.Average.Bad.Good.Average.Bad.Defective vision and squint.Disease.Adenoids.Tonsils.Disease of Nose.Other defects.Deafness.Discharging.Other defects.Stammering and stuttering.Other defects.Valvular lesion.Other defects.Phthisis.Other defects.| Ringworm.Other defects.
  • Page -
    MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN, 1911. SUMMARY OF DEFECTIVE CONDITIONS REPORTED BY SCHOOL DOCTORS. INFANTS (" ENTRANTS.")
    Divisional superintendent's area, (Constituent boroughs.)Number of children examined (boys and girls).Cleanliness.Clothing.Nutrition.Teeth.Eyes.Throat and Nose.Ears.Speech.Heart.Lungs.Skin.Glands.Rickets.Deformities.Nervous complaints.Anaemia.Tuberculosis (not pulmonary).Other defects.
    Good.Average.Bad.Good.Average.Bad.Good.Average.Bad.Good.Average.Bad.Defective vision and squint.Disease.
    Adenoids.Tonsils.Diseases of nose.Other defects.Deafness.Discharging.Other defects.Stammering and stuttering.Other defects.Valvular lesion.Other defects.Phthisis.Otherdefects.Ringworm.Other defects.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX VII. A.—CHILDREN PRESENTED BY SCHOOL TEACHERS FOR SPECIAL EXAMINATION ("SPECIAL AND URGENT CASES") AND "ENTRANTS" INSPECTED.
    Department.Number examined or inspected.Eyes.Throat and nose.Ears.Speech.Heart.Lungs.Skin.Glands.Rickets.Deformities.Nervous complaints.Anaemia.Tuberculosis (not pulmonary).Other defects.
    Defective vision and squint.Disease.Adenoids.Tonsils.Disease of nose.Other defects.Deafness.Discharging.Other defects.Stammering and Stuttering.Other Defects.Valvular lesion.Other defects.Phthisis.Other defects.Ringworm.Other defects.
  • Page -
    B.—ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICAL INSPECTION, 1911.
    Department.Number of children examined (inspected).Parents present.Total defects found (excluding dental).Advice cards issued.Examination sessions held.Time given to examination and inspection.
    Number.Per 100 children examined.Number.Per 100 children examined in detail exclusive of urgent and special cases.Number.Per 100 children examined.Number.Average number examined.Doctors.Nurses.Teacher.Total.Per child.
    Total.Per child.Total.Per child.Total.Per child.
    hours.minutes.hours.minutes.hours.minutes.hours.minutes.
  • Page -
    DEFECTS FOUND AND REFERRED FOR TREATMENT UNDER COUNCIL'S SCHEME, 1911. (Including cases from special schools.)
    Area.Average number on roll, year ended 31.3.1911.Defects.Area.Average number on roll, year ended 31.3.1911.Defects.
    Ears, throat, nose, adenoids.Eyes.Ring-worm.Total.Ears, throat, nose, adenoids.Eyes.Ringworm.Total.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX IX. RE-INSPECTION, 1911.
    Electoral area.Total number of children re-inspected.Abstract of re-inspection returns relating to two selected schools in each electoral area.
    Children on rolls Dec., 1911.Total number of defects found in 1911.Number of children re-inspected.Total defects re-inspected.Defects referred for treatment.Defects in children not traced.Defects not treated.Defects treated.Results of treatment.
    Under Council's scheme.Teeth.Not under Council's scheme.Still requiring treatment.Not requiring treatment.At hospital, dispensary, or Centre.Privately.Satisfactory.Unsatisfactory.Still under treatment.
  • Page -
    TRAINING COLLEGES, PUPIL TEACHER CENTRES, SECONDARY AND TRADE SCHOOLS—DEFECTS NOTED ON MEDICAL EXAMINATION.
    Institutions.Number of Pupils.Defects.
    Roll.Returns analysed.Two or more defective teethVision.Throat and 'Nose.Ears.Heart.Lungs.Anæmia.Nutrition.Cleanliness.Back.General physique.Various.
    DefectiveSuitable glasses.Unsuitable glasses.Strain.Hearing.Discharge.Round.Curvature.
    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)
  • Page -
    APPENDIX XI. NUMBER OF CANDIDATES EXAMINED FOR THE PERMANENT SERVICE AND THE CONDITIONS FOUND.
    Status.No. Examined.No. of Examinations.Fit.Vaccination.Referred Back.Rejected.Withdrawn prior to examination or not yet reported.
    Not vaccinated.No marks.Want of cleanliness.Teeth.Vision.Heart.Vaccination.Sundry.For one defect.For two or more defects.Total.
    1234567891011121314151617
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX XII. NUMBER OF COUNTY SCHOLARSHIP CANDIDATES EXAMINED AND THE CONDITIONS FOUND.
    Scholarships.Number examined.Number of examinations.Fit.Vaccination.Referred back.Rejected.Withdrawn before re-examination or not yet reported.
    Not vaccinated.No marks.Want of cleanliness.Throat.Teeth.Vision.Heart.Sundry.For one defect.For two or more defects.Total.
    l234567891011121314151617
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX XIII. NUMBER OF TRADE SCHOLARSHIP CANDIDATES EXAMINED AND THE CONDITIONS FOUND.
    Designation of scholarship.Number examined.Number of examinations.Fit.Vaccination.Referred back.RejectedWithdrawn prior to re-examination or not yet reported.
    Not vaccinated.No marks.Want of cleanliness.Throat.Teeth.Vision.Sundry.For one defect.For two or more defects.Total.
    123456789101112131415
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page -
    NUMBER OF SPECIAL SCHOLARSHIP CANDIDATES EXAMINED AND THE CONDITIONS FOUND.
    Designation of scholarship.Number examined.Number of examinations.Fit.Vaccination.Referred back.Rejected.Withdrawn prior to re-examination or not yet reported.
    Not vaccinated.No marks.Want of cleanliness.Throat.Teeth.Vision.Sundry.For one defect.For two or more defects.Total.
    12345678910111213141516
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.f.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page -
    NUMBER OF CANDIDATES EXAMINED FOR THE TEACHING PROFESSION AND THE CONDITIONS FOUND.
    Awards.Number examined.Number of examinations.Fit.Vaccination.Referred back.Rejected.Withdrawn prior to re-examination or not yet reported.
    Not vaccinated.No. marks.Want of cleanliness.Throat.Teeth.Vision.Vaccination.Sundry.For one defect.For two or more defects.Total.
    l234567891011121314151617
    M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.M.F.
  • Page -
    WORKING CLASS DWELLINGS ACCOUNTS, YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1912. A.-HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT, 1890.
    Dr.Cr.
    EXPENDITURE.INCOME.
    REVENUE ACCOUNT.
    PART I.PART I.
    Working Expenses and Debt Charges—£s.d.Income—£s.d.
  • Page -
    HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT, 1890 -continued. Dr. Cr.
    expenditure.income.
    REVENUE ACCOUN T—continued.
    part iii.—continued.part iii.—continued.
    (b) Estates in Course of Development.(b) Estates in Course of Development.
    Expenses and Debt Charges—£s.d.Income—£s.d.
  • Page -
    HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT.1890- continued.
    EXPENDITURE.INCOME.
    CAPITAL ACCOUNT-continued.
    PART III.PART III.
    Schemes for the erection of lodginghouses for the working classes.
    (A) Acquisition and Laying-out of Sites.
    £s.d.£sd£s.d.
  • Page -
    HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT. 1890- continued.
    EXPENDITURE.INCOME.
    SINKING FUND ACCOUNT (Accumulating).
    [Transactions of the Consolidated Loans Fund in respect of Dwellings under the Housing Act, 1890.]
    £s.d.£s.d.£s.d.
  • Page -
    HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT, 1890— continued.
    BALANCE SHEET, 31ST MARCH, 1912.
    £s.d.£s.d.£s.d.
  • Page -
    B.—DWELLINGS UNDER IMPROVEMENT ACTS.
    EXPENDITURE.INCOME.
    REVENUE ACCOUNT.
    £s.d.Income—£s.d.
  • Page -
    DWELLINGS UNDER IMPROVEMENT ACTS- continued.
    EXPENDITURE.INCOME.
    CAPITAL ACCOUNT.
    £s.d.£s.d.£s.d.
  • Page -
    DWELLINGS UNDER IMPROVEMENT ACTS— continued.
    BALANCE SHEET. 31ST MARCH, 1912.
    £s.d.£s.d.Assets and Capital Outlay.
    Liabilities.£s.d.
  • Page -
    C.—DWELLINGS UNDER THE HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACT. 1890, AND IMPROVEMENT ACTS COMBINED.
    EXPENDITURE.INCOME.
    REVENUE ACCOUNT.
    (Apportionment calculated on basis of accommondation).
    Millbank Estate (Westminster)—£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.
  • Page -
    D.—DETAILS OF REVENUE ACCOUNT. WORKING CLASS DWELLINGS ACCOUNTS YEAR ENDING 31st MARCH, 1912.
    Dwellings.Income.Expenditure.Result of Year's Working, 1911-12. Surplus (+). Deficiency (-).
    Gross Rental.Deductions.Net Rental.Maintenance and Management.Debt Charges, transferred to Consolidated Loans Fund.Total. (Columns 13 and 18.)
    Empties.Caretakers' Quarters.Amounts irrecoverable.TotalSupervision and Collection of Rent.Rates and Taxes. (j)Lighting, Heating, Water and Insurance.Stores and IncidentalsTransfer to Repairs and Renewals Fund.Total.(l) Interest (gross).Sinking Fund.Total.
    Land.Buildings.Land.Buildings.
    1234567891011121314151617181920
  • Page -
    E.-PERCENTAGES ON GROSS RENTAL OF THE SEVERAL ITEMS OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE IN RESPECT OF DWELLINGS IN THE DETAILED REVENUE ACCOUNT.
    Dwellings.Income.Expenditure.Result of Year's Working (excluding interest 011 cash balances).
    Gross Rental.Deductions.Net Rental.Maintenance and Management.Transfer to Repairs and Renewals Fund.Total.Debt Charges.Total (cols. 13 and 18)
    Empties.Caretaker's Quarters.Amounts irrecoverable.Total.Supervision and Collection of Rent.Rates and Taxes. (c)Lighting, Heating, Water and Insurance.Stores and Incidentals.(e) Interest (gross).Sinking fund.Total.Surplus.Defl. ciency.
    Land.Build-ings.Land.Buildings.
    123456789101112131415161718192021
  • Page -
    F-SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL RESULTS.
    Dwellings.Borough.Accom- modation (persons) *Persons in occu-pation 31st March, 1912.Date of opening.Aggregate Capital Expenditure to 31 st March, 1912.Aggregate Balance on Revenue Account, 1st April, 1911. Surplus (+) Deficiency (-).Result of Year's Working. Surplus ( + ) Deficiency (—) (page 25, col. 20).Aggregate Bnlanc on Revenue Account, 31st.March, 1912 Surplus (+) Deficiency (—).Accumulations of Sinking Fund to 31st March, 1912, (excluding proceeds of Sales).Repairs and Renewals Fund.
    1911-12
    Land.Buildings.Total.unspent Accumulation: 011 1st April, 1911.Transfers from Revenue Account (page 25 col. 12).Actual Expenditure.Uirtercnce.heing further amoun set aside.unspent Accumulations on 31st March, 1912
    1234567891011121314151617
  • Page -
    G. REPAIR AND RENEWALS ACCOUNT- DEATILS OF INVESTMENTS.
    Name of Stock.Amount of Stock.Cost Price.Market Value on 31st March, 1912.
    Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890.Dwellings (Imrovement Acts).Total.
    Part. I.Part II.Part in.Total.
    £s.d.£S.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£
  • Page -
    H. STATEMENT AS TO CONTRIBUTIONS FROM AND TO RATES.
    Year.Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890.Dwellings (Improvement Acts).Total.
    Part I.Part II.Part III.
    Dwellings.Estates in Course of Development.
    Contributin from Rates.
    £s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.£s.d.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX XVII. statement of capital expenditure on clearance schemes under the housing of the working classes act, 1890. Note .—The receipts are derived from sales of land and rents and include amounts transferred from the accounts of the dwellings for the housing values of the sites appropriated for that purpose. Under Part II. they include contributions from Local Authorities.
    Clearance Scheme.Date of Act sanctioning SchemeCapital Expenditure to 31st March, 1912.
    Gross.Receipts applied to Capital Expenditure.Net. (a)
    Housing of the working Classes Act, 1890.£s.d.£s.d.£S.d.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX XVIII. STATEMENT AS TO THE COMMERCIAL AND HOUSING VALUES OF SITES UTILISED FOR THE ERECTION OF WORKING CLASS DWELLINGS. Statement showing difference between the commercial value and the housing value of sites (a) sold by the Metropolitan Board of Works r ,o Dwellings Companies and others, with the obligation to erect dwellings for the working classes thereon, or (b) acquired or appropriated bv the Council for the erection of wortcing class dwellings. Note .—The figures in the column headed "Commercial value," except in the few instances where actual cost is given, represent the estimate of the Council's Valuer of the amount which would have been obtained in the open market at the time of the disposal of the re-housing site for the site as cleared land free from all restrictions. The figures in the column headed "Housing value" represent in statement (a) the sums actually received from Dwellings Companies and others for the sites restricted to the erection of working class dwellings and in statement ( b ) the estimated housing value as determined by the Council on the advice of the Valuer, and charged to the capital accounts of the dwellings.
    Clearance scheme or street improvementCommercial value (estimated).Housing value. (Cash received from Dwellings Companies.Difference charged to clearance scheme or improvement (cost of writing down value of cleared site).Dwellings.Commercial value. (Estimated.)Housing value. (Estimated.) [Amounts charged to Dwellings Accounts, page 28, col. 6.jDifference charged to clearance scheme or improvement (cost of writing down value of cleared site).
    Housing of the working Classes Act, 1890.£££housing of the working classes act, 1890. Part I.£££
  • Page -
    APPENDIX XIX. A.—Number of Tenements Comprised in the Dwellings ii; Occupation on 31st March, 1911, together with Particulars of the Dwellings Opened between that date and 31st March, 1912.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Date opened.Number ot tenements ofTotal tenements.Total rooms.Cubicles.Number of persons provided for.Shops.Workshops.StablesSheds.Cup- boaids.
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms3 rooms with additional small beuroom.4 rooms5 rooms6 rooms
  • Page -
    A.—Number of Tenements Comprised in the Dwellings in Occupation on 31st March, 1911, together with Particulars of the Dwellings Opened between that date and 31st March, 1912—( continued ).
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Date opened.Number of tenements ofTotal tenements.Total rooms.Cubicles.Number of persons provided for.Shops.Workshops.StablesSheds.Cupboards.
    1 room2 rooms.3 rooms3 rooms with additional small bedroom.4 roomt5 rooms6 rooms
  • Page -
    B.— Accommodation Provided in all the Council's Dwellings open on 31st March, 1912.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Date opened.Number of tenements ofTotal tenementsTotal rooms.Cubicles.Number of persons provided for.Shops.Workshops.Stables.Sheds.Cupboards
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.3 rooms with small additional bedroom.4 rooms5 rooms6 rooms
  • Page -
    B.—Accommodation Provided in all the Council's Dwellings open on 31st March, 1912—( continued ).
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Date opened.Number of tenements ofTotal tenementsTotal rooms.Cubicles.Number of persons provided for.Shops.Workshops.StablesSheds.Cup boards
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.3 rooms with small additional bedroom.4 rooms5 rooms6 rooms
  • Page -
    B.— Accommodation Provided in all the Council's Dwellings open on 31st March, 1912— ( continued ).
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Date opened.Number of tenements ofTotal tenementTotal rooms.CubiclesNumber of persons provided for.Shops.Workshops.StablesSheds.Cup- beards
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.3 rooms with small additional bedroom4 rooms5 rooms6 rooms
  • Page -
    B.—Accommodation Provided in all the Council's Dwellings open on 31st March, 1912— ( continued ).
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Date opened.Number of tenements ofTotal tenementsTotal rooms.Cubicles.Number of persons provided for.Shops.Work-shops.Stables.Sheds.Cupboards.
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.3 rooms with small additional bedroom.4 rooms5 rooms3 6 rooms
  • Page -
    C.- Rents charged at the council's dwellings.
    Dwellings.Borough.Rent per week of tenements.Rent per night of cubicles.Rent per week of workshops.Rent per week of stables.Rent per week of sheds.Rent per week of cupboards.Gross rent per annum on blst March, 1912.
    - 1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.3 rooms with small additional bedroom.4 rooms.5 rooms.6 rooms.
    £s.d.
  • Page -
    C.—Rents Charged at the Council's Dwellings.— ( continued ).
    Dwellings:Borough.Rent per week of tenements.Rent per nighl of cubicles.Rent per week of workshops.Rent per week ol stablesRent per week of sheds.Rent per week of cup boardsGross rent per annum on 31st March, 1912.
    1 room.2 rooms.3 rooms.3 rooms with small additional bedroom.4 rooms.5 rooms.6 rooms.
    £s.d.
  • Page -
    D.—Accommodation Provided in the Council's Dwellings, and the Gross Rent per annum on 31st March, 1892, and each subsequent Year.
    Year.Tenements.Rooms.Cubicles.Persons provided for.Gross annual rent.
    £s.d.
  • Page -
    E—Number of Persons Rehoused by the Council after being Displaced by Improvement or Clearance Schemes.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Number of displaced persons re-housed.
    Before 31st March, 1911.During year 1911-12.Total.
  • Page -
    F.—Number of Lettings effected, the number of Tenants who Vacated their Tenements and the number of tenants who were transferred to other tenements in the Council's Dwellings during the Year 1911-1912.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Number of tenementsNumber of lettings effected.Number of vacations, excluding transfers.Number of Transfers (not included in number of lettings or vacations)
    Tenant's notice.Council's notice.Total.Percentage.
  • Page -
    G. Percentage of Total Outgoings for Maintenance on the Rent Receivable for the Last Five Years.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.1907-8.1908-9.1909-10.1910-11.1911-12. (b)
  • Page -
    H.—Population of the Council's Dwellings According to the Enumeration taken in March, 1912.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Accommodation.Number of persons in occupation (including children).Number of children under 14 years of age in dwellings.
    Tenements.Rooms.Boys.Girls.
  • Page -
    K.—Particulars of Cases of Infectious Diseases Reported by Superintendents and Caretakers as having been removed from the council's dwellings during the year ended 31st March, 1912.
    Dwellings.Metropolitan Borough.Erysipelas.Measles.Scarlet Fever.Typhoid.Diphtheria.Chicken-pox.
  • Page -
    L.—Particulars of Births and Deaths in the Council's Dellings during the Year ended 31st March, 1912.(a)
    Dwellings.Borough.Births.Deaths.
    Occurring in the dwellings.Occurring in institutions.Total.
  • Page -
    M. Occupations of the Tenants.
    Nature of occupation.No.Nature of occupation.No •Nature of occupation.No.
  • Page -
    APPENDIX XX. STATEMENT SHOWING STATUTES UNDER WHICH DWELLINGS UNDER IMPROVEMENT ACTS WERE ERECTED.
    Dwellings.Act.