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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

London County Council 1897

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

Published
1898
Pages
208
Tables
155

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155 tables in this report

  • Page 5
    The estimated population of each of the 43 sanitary districts comprised in the administrative county is shown in the following table-
    Sanitary district.Estimated population, 1897.Sanitary district.Estimated population, 1897.Sanitary district.Estimated Population 1897.
  • Page 5
    The marriage rate since 1870 has been as follows-
  • Page 5
    Marriages of minors per cent. of total marriages.
    London.England and Wales.
  • Page 6
    Births. The number of births registered in the Administrative County of London in 1897 was 134,111, giving a birth rate per annum of 30.0 per 1,000 persons living. The birth rate since 1870 has been as follows-
  • Page 6
    The following table shows the birth rate in each district in 1897, calculated per 1,000 population and per 100 females aged 15-45 years.
    Sanitary district.Births.Birth rate per 1,000 living.Births per 100 females aged 15-45.
  • Page 7
    Deaths. The number of deaths registered in the Administrative County of London in 1897 (52 weeks) was 79,209, giving an annual death rate of 17.7 per 1,000 living. Since the year 1870 the London death rate has been as follows-
  • Page 7
    All causes.
    Towns.Estimated population middle of 1897.Crude death rate per 1,000 living.Death rate per 1,000 living (corrected for age and sex distribution).
    1887-96.1897.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 7
    All causes-Death rate per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 8
    Crude and corrected death rates1 per 1,000 persons living in sanitary districts of London.
    Sanitary area.Standard death rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death rate, 1887-96.Corrected death rate, 1887-96.Comparative mortality figure, 1887-96. (London 1,000.)Crude death rate, 1897.Corrected death rate, 1897.Comparative mortality figure, 1897. (London 1,000.)
  • Page 8
    The death rates of Battersea, Wandsworth, Hammersmith, Fulham, Stoke Newington, Hackney, Lee and Plumstead cannot be given for the period 1887-96, as during some portion of this period Battersea was combined with Wandsworth, Hammersmith with Fulham, Stoke Newington with Hackney, and Lee with Plumstead; the death rates of the combined areas for this period, however, are shown in the following table-
    Sanitary area.Standard death rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude deatb rate, 1887-36.Corrected death rate, 1887-96.Comparative mortality figure, 1887-96. [London 1,000.]
  • Page 9
    The following table shows the number of deaths1 occurring at several age-periods in each of the sanitary districts of the administrative county during the year 1897 (365 days). All causes.
    Age-period.0-1-2-3-4-Total under 5.5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85-All ages.
  • Page 9
    The following table shows the mean death rates obtaining in London at the several age-periods and for each sex in the decennium 1881-90, and the seven years 1891-97-
    Age period.Males.Females.
    Mean death rate 1881-90.Mean death rate 1891-97.Differences per cent.Mean death rate 1881-90.Mean death rate 1891-97.Difference per cent.
  • Page 10
    Table I. Mean future lifetime of males and females in groups of ages (calculated from London life tables, 1881-90.)
    Age groups.Males.Females.Age groups.Males.Females.
    Tears.Years.Years.Years.
  • Page 10
    The result of this process is showing in the following table- Table II.
    groups.Deaths calculated according to mean rates 1881-90.Mean deaths occurring in the seven years 1891-7.Mean annual gain (+) or loss (-) of lives in the seven years 1891-7 by fluctuations of mortality.Mean annual gain (+) or loss (-) of "life capital" in the seven years 1891-7 by fluctuations of mortality.
    Males.Years.
  • Page 11
    Table III.
    Periods compared with 1881-90.Mean annual number of lives gained.Mean annual amount of "life capital" gained.Proportion of "life capital" gained to each life gained.
    years.years.
  • Page 11
    Table IV.
    Males.Death rates per 1,000 living.Increase or decrease per cent. (compared with death rates in 1881-90).
    1891-4.1895.1896.1897.1891-4.1895.1896.1897.
  • Page 11
    Table VI.
    Females.Death rates per 1,000 living.Increase or decrease per cent. (compared with death rates in 1881-90).
    1891-4.1895.1896.1897.1891-4.1895.1896.1897.
  • Page 12
    Table V.
    Age-period.Number of lives gained (+) or lost (-) by fluctuations of mortality in the undermentioned periods compared with the decennium 1881-90,Amount of "life capital" gained (+) or lost (-) by fluctuations of mortality in the undermentioned periods compared with the decennium 1881-90.
    1891-4 (mean).1895.1896.1897.1891-4 (mean).1895.1896.1897.
    Column.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.
  • Page 13
    Table VI.
    Period.Number of lives gained ( + ) or lost (-) by fluctuations of mortality (compared with the period 1881-90).Amount of "life capital" gained (+) or lost (-) by fluctuations of mortality (compared with the period 1881-90).
    Ages. Under 25.Ages. 25 and upwards.All ages.Ages. Under 25.Ages. 25 and upwards.All ages.
    Years.Years.Years.
  • Page 13
    Deaths and death rates during 1897 in London from "all causes" at certain age-periods (1) before distribution, and (2) after distribution, of deaths occurring in public institutions-
    Age-period.Deaths.Difference.Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Before distribution.After distribution.Before distribution.After distribution.
  • Page 14
    Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897
  • Page 14
    The infant mortality in 1897 and in the period 1887-96 in the several London sanitary districts may be seen from the following table-
    Sanitary districtDeaths under 1 year of age, 1897.Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
    1887-96.1897.
  • Page 15
    Deaths from the several classes of disease registered in the registration County of London (including the lunatic asylums and hospitals for infectious disease belonging to the county) are given by the Registrar-General in the Annual Summary of Births, Deaths and Causes of Death, and the following table has been prepared from the figures contained in the summary relating to the year 1897-
    Causes of death.Corrected annual average 1887-96.1897.
  • Page 15
    The following table gives more detailed information concerning the principal diseases included in the constitutional, nervous, and respiratory groups-
    Causes of death.Corrected annual average 1887-96.1897.
  • Page 17
    Principal zymotic diseases-Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 17
    Six principal zymotic diseases-Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 17
    The death rates from the principal zymotic diseases in the several sanitary districts of London in 1897 and the period 1887-96 are shown in the following table-
    Sanitary district.Deaths in 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1887-96.1897.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 18
    Ihe death rates from smallpox in successive periods have been as follows-
    Period.Smallpox death rate per 1,000 living.Period.Smallpox death rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 18
    Smallpox-Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 18
    Smallpox-Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 19
    The following table shows the number of cases of and deaths from smallpox belonging to each district in 1897, the case rate of each district in the period 1891-6 and in 1897, and death rate of each district in the period 1887-96 and in1897.
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1897.Case rate per 1,000 living.Deaths, 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-6.1897.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 19
    The cases notified in the administrative county were distributed throughout the year as follows—
    No. of week.Week endingNo. of cases of smallpox notified.No. of week.Week endingNo. of cases of Small pox notified.No. of week.WeekendingNo. of cases of smallpox notified.
  • Page 20
    The following table shows the number of cases notified in successive periods of four weeks in each of the several sanitary districts—
    Sanitary district.Four weeks ended
    Jan. 30.Feb. 27.Mar. 27.Apr. 24.May 22.June 19.July 17.Aug. 14.Sept. 11.Oct. 9.Nov. 6.Dec. 4.Jan. 1.Total 1897.
  • Page 22
    Smallpox deaths, London, 1881-97.
    Age-period.All ages.0-11-55-2020-4040-6060-8080 and upwards.
  • Page 22
    "All ages" taken as 100.
    Age-period.All ages.0-11-55-2020-4040-6060-8080 and upwards.
  • Page 22
    " Vaccinated" and, "no statement" combined.
  • Page 23
    Age-period.Vaccinated.No evidence as to vaccination. *Vaccination cicatrices absent.
    Admissions.Deaths.Admissions.Deaths.Admissions.Deaths.
  • Page 23
    London vaccination returns.
    Year.Children not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) per cent, of total births.Year.Children not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) per cent. of total births.
  • Page 23
    Measles. The deaths from measles in the Administrative County of London in 1897 numbered 1,933 as compared with 3,697 in 1896, 2,630 in 1895 and 3,303 in 1894. The death rates from this disease per 1,000 living in 1897 and preceding periods have been as follows—
  • Page 24
    Measles—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 24
    The following table shows that the measles death rate in London was higher than that of any of the undermentioned foreign cities in the period 1887-96, except St. Petersburg, and in 1897 was higher than that of any except St. Petersburg and Vienna— Measles—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 24
    The death rates in each sanitary district of London in the period 1887-96 and in 1897 are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths in 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1887-96.1897.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 27
    The London rates in 1897 and preceding periods are shown in the following table— Scarlet fever.
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Case rate per 1,000 living.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 27
    Scarlet fever—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 27
    Scarlet fever—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 28
    The case rate of each district in 1891-6 and in 1897, and the death rate of each district in 1887-96 and 1897 are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1897.Case rate per 1,000 living.Deaths, 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-96.1897..1887-96.1897.
  • Page 30
    Scarlet fever—Notified cases, 1897.
    Period.Notified cases—Ages.Increase or decrease per cent.
    0—33—1313 and upwards.0—33—1313 and upwards.
  • Page 31
    Scarlet fever* 1897.
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Death*.
  • Page 31
    Scarlet fever, 1892-7.
    Month.All ages.0—1—2—3—4—Under 5.5—10—15—20 and upwards.
  • Page 32
    Scarlet fever,1892-7.
    Month."All ages" taken as 1,000.
    All ages.0—1—2—3-4—Under 5.5—10—15—20 and upwards.
  • Page 32
    Scarlet fever—Case mortality, 1897.
    Month.No. of weeks.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 32
    Scarlet fever—Case mortality, 1892-97.
    Month.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 33
    The diphtheria case and death rates in 1897 and preceding periods are shown in the following table—
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Case rate per 1,000 living.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 33
    Diphtheria—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 33
    Diphtheria—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 34
    The case rate of each district in 1891-6 and in 1897, and the death rates in 1887-96 and 1897 are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1897Case rate per 1,000 living.Deaths, 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-6.1897.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 36
    Diphtheria—Notified cases, 1897.
    Period.Notified cases—Ages.Increase or decrease per cent.
    0—33—1313 and upwards.0—33—1313 and upwards.
  • Page 37
    Diphtheria* 1897.
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 37
    Diphteria,*1897.
    Age period.Males.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rate per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rate per 100,000 living.
  • Page 38
    Continued from previous page...
    Age-period.Case mortality per cent.
    Males.Females.
    1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.
  • Page 38
    Diphtheria, 1892-7.
    Month.Notified cases, 1892-7.
    All ages.0—1—2—3—4—Under 5.5—10—15—20 and upwards.
  • Page 39
    Diphtheria— Case mortality, 1897.
    Month.No. of weeks.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 39
    Diphtheria—Case mortality, 1891-97.
    Month.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Mean case-mortality taken as 100.
  • Page 39
    Whooping cough.
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 41
    Enteric fever.
    Period.Death rate per 1,000 living.Case rate per 1,000 living.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 42
    The case rate of each sanitary district in 1891-6 and in 1897, and the death rate in 1887-96 and in 1897 is shewn in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1896.Case rate per 1,000 living.Deaths, 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-96.1897.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 43
    Enteric fever, * 1897.
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 44
    The age distribution of the deaths from this disease in the registration bounty of London in 1897 was as follows—
    Under 1 year.1-5.5-20.20-40.40-60.60-80.80 and upwards.
  • Page 44
    Diarrhœa—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1887-96.1897.Towns.1887-96.1897.
  • Page 44
    The death rate of each sanitary district in the period 1887-96 and in 1897 will be seen from the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1887—96.1897.1887—96.1897.
  • Page 46
    Erysipelas.
    Year.Cases.Case rate per 1,000 living.Deaths.1Death rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 46
    The number of cases notified and the case rate of 1897, together with the mean case rate or the period 1891-6, for each district of the Administrative County, are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1897.Case rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Cases, 1897.Case rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-96.1897.1891-96.1897.
  • Page 47
    The number of cases notified and the number of deaths registered in the registration County of London have been as follows— Puerperal fever.
    Year.Cases.Deaths.1
  • Page 47
    If these cases and deaths are considered in relation to the total population and total births, the following rates are obtained—
    Year.Case rate per 1,000 living.Case rate per 1,000 births.Death rate1 per 1,000 living.Death rate1 per 1,000 births.
  • Page 47
    The deaths from these diseases since 1889 have been as follows—
    Year.Influenza.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.
    Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.
  • Page 47
    The death rates of this disease per 1,000 living in the registration County of London in successive periods have been as follows— Phthisis.
  • Page 48
    The death1 rates in the several groups of districts since 1893 have been as follows—
    1894.1895.1896.1897.
  • Page 48
    The following table shows the number ol deaths and the death rate per 1,000 living in 1897 in the several sanitary districts of London —
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1897.Death rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 48
    Phthisis, 1894-7.
    Proportion of total population living more than two in a room (in tenements of less than five rooms).Death rates1 per 1,000 living.
    1894.1895.1896.1897.
  • Page 49
    Phthisis—Death rates1 per 1,000 living 1897.
    Proportion of total population living more than two in a room. (In tenements of less than five rooms.)0-5-20-25-35-45-55 and upwards.
  • Page 49
    Phthisis—Comparative death rates—Death rates in least overcrowded group at each age-period taken as 100.
    Proportion of total population living more than two in a room. (In tenements of less than five rooms.)0-5-20-25-35-45-55 and upwards.
  • Page 49
    The death rates of this disease per 1,000 living in successive periods have been as follows—
  • Page 50
    Cancer—Deaths, 1897.
    Sanitary district.0-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85-All ages.
  • Page 51
    Month.Temperature of the air.Departure from average of 126 years, 1771-1896.Rain.
    Highest by day.Lowest by night.Mean for month.Number of days it fell.Amount collected.
  • Page 51
    The number of applications for the licence of slaughterhouses and the number granted in each of the last seven years is shown in the following table—
    Year.No. of applications received.No. of licences granted.
  • Page 62
    The following tabular statement shows the procedure of district authorities as to houses represented as unfit for human habitation and concerning which the Council has received copies of representations from the 1st January to the 31st December, 1897—
    Local Authority.Total number of house-concerning which the Council has received information that representations have been made from the 1/1/1)7 to the 31/12/97.Number of houses closed, demolished or improved by owners without Magisterial intervention.Number of houses for which closing orders were granted.Number of houses for which closing orders were refused.Number of houses outstanding or concerning which proceedings are in progress.
    Closed.Demolished.Improved.Total.Subsequently demolished.Subsequently improved.No further action.Total.
  • Page 68
    The following table shows the number of common-lodging houses, the authorised number of lodgers in such houses at the end of 1897, and the number of houses registered in each sanitary district during the year— Common Lodging-houses.
    Sanitary district.Number of common lodging-houses.Authorised number of lodgers.Number of houses registered in 1897.
  • Page 69
    Sanitary District.No. of Houses.June 21st, 1897.June 23rd, 1897.
    No. of persons over 16 years of age.No. of persons under 16 years of age.Total.No. of persons over 16 years of age.No. of persons under 16 year* of age.Total.
    Male.Female.Male.Female.
  • Page 78
    The following details are extracted from a table contained in the report—
    Names of companies.Number of days' supply.Monthly rate of filtration per square foot per hour.
    Mean monthly average. Gallons.Maximum monthly average. Gallons.
  • Page 82
    The following table shows the estimate of population on the 6th April, 1897, and the amount of excess of contribution over grant, or of grant over contribution, in respect of each district for each of the half-years ended 30th September, 1897, and 3lst March, 1898, respectively—
    Sanitary District.Estimated population, 6th April, 1897.Equalisation charge, being excess of contribution over grant.Net grant being excess, of grant over contribution.
  • Page 83
    The following table indicates those London districts in which the medical officer of health has been elected in accordance with the above requirement of the Public Health (London) Act—
  • Page 83
    Sanitary districts mentioned in Schedule c of the Local Metropolis Management Act, 1855.
  • Page 84
    The following table shows the month in which the annual reports of the medical officers of health of London districts were received by the Council—
  • Page -
    TABLE I. England and Wales. (A) Diphtheria and Group—Deaths.
    Period.All ages0—1—2—3—4-5—10—15—20 and upwards.
  • Page -
    (B) Death-rates per 1,000,000 living.
  • Page -
    (C) Death rates per 1,000,000 living, death rate at "all ages," being taken as 100.
  • Page -
    (D) Increase or decrease per cent, of death rates at each age period in 1861-70, 1871-80, 1881-90 and 1891-6, compared with the death rates in the decade immediately preceding.
  • Page -
    (E) Increase or decrease per cent, of death rates at each age-period in 1855-60, 1871-80, 1881-90 and 1891-6, compared with the death rates at each age-period in 1861-70.
  • Page -
    TABLE II. London. (A) Diphtheria and Croup—Deaths.
  • Page -
    (B) Death rates per 1,000,000 living.
    Period.All ages.0—1—2_3—4—5—10—15—20 and upwards
  • Page -
    (C) Death rates per 1,000,000 living, death rate at " all ages " being taken as 100.
  • Page -
    (D) Increase or decrease per cent, of death rates at each age-period in 1861-70, 1871-80, 1881-90 and 1891-6, compared with the death rates in the decade immediately preceding—
  • Page -
    (E) Increase or decrease per cent, of death rates at each age-period in 1859-60, 1871-80, 1881-90 and 1891-6, compared with the death rates at each age-period in 1861-70—
  • Page -
    TABLE III. England and Wales, excluding London. (A) Diphtheria and Croup—Deaths.
  • Page -
    (B) Death rates per 1,000,000 living.
  • Page -
    (C) Death rates per 1,000,000 living, death rate at " All ages " being taken as 100.
  • Page -
    (D) Increase or decrease per cent, of death rates at each age-period in 1861-70, 1871-80, 1881-90, and 1891-96, compared with the death rates of the decade immediately preceding.
    Period.All ages.0—1—2—3—4r—5—10—15—20 and upwards
  • Page -
    (E) Increase or decrease per cent, of death rates at each age-period in 1859-60, 1871- 80, 1881-90, and 1891-96, compared with the death rates at each age-period in 1861-70.
  • Page -
    TABLE IV. England and Wales. (A) Scarlet fever, diphtheria and croup—Death rates per 1,000,000 living.
    Period.All ages.0—2—3—4—5—10—15—20 and upwards.
  • Page -
    (B) Death rate per 1,000,000 living, death rate at " all ages " being taken as 100.
  • Page -
    (C) Increase or decrease per cent, of death rates at each age-period in 1871-80, 1881-90, and 1891-6, compared with the death rates at each age-period in 1861-70.
  • Page -
    TABLE V. London. (A) Scarlet fever, diphtheria and croup—Death rates per 1,000,000 living.
    Period.All ages.0—1—2_3—4—5—10—15—20 and upwards.
  • Page -
    (B) Death rate per 1,000,000 living, death rate at " all ages " being taken as 100.
  • Page -
    (C) Increase or decrease per cent, of death rates at each age-period in 1871-80, 1881-90, and 1891-8, compared with the death rates at each age-period in 1861-70.
  • Page -
    TABLE VI. Diphtheria, 1892-6.
    Month." All ages " taken as 1,000.
    All ages.0—1—2—3—4—Under 5.5—10—15—20 and upwards.
  • Page -
    TABLE VII. Scarlet Fever—Notifications, 1892-6.
    Month." All ages " taken as 1,000.
    All ages.0—1—2—3—4—Under 5.5—10—15—20 and upwards.
  • Page -
    Suppose that a certain community in 1871 numbered 100,000 distributed in the following age groups, and that the deaths and corresponding death rates from whooping cough were as under—
    All ages0—5.5—20.20—40.40 and upward*.
  • Page -
    TABLE VIII. London. (A) Measles—Death rates per 1,000,000 living.
    Period.All ages.0—1—2—3—4—5—10—15—20 and upwards.
  • Page -
    (B) Death rates at " all ages " taken as 100.
  • Page -
    Now assume that the population in 1881 had increased to 120,000, distributed as under, while the death rate from whooping cough at each age period remained the same as in 1871, then the following results will be obtained—
    All ages.0—5.5—20.20—40.40 and upwards.
  • Page -
    London.—Comparative death rates at certain age periods.—Corrected death rate at "all ages" taken as 100.
    Cause of death.Period.Corrected death rate per million " all ages."0—1—2—3—4—5—10—15—20 and upwards.
  • Page -
    (C) Increase or decrease per cent, of death rates at each age-period in 1851-60, 1871-80, 1881-90, and 1891-6, compared with the death rates at each age-period in 1861-70.
    Period.All ages.0—1—2—3—4—5—10—15—20 and upwards
  • Page -
    TABLE IX. London. (A) Scarlet fever—Death rates per 1,000,000 living.
  • Page -
    (B) Death rates at " all ages " taken as 100.
  • Page -
    (C) Increase or decrease per cent, of death rates at each age period in 1851-60, 1871-80, 1881-90, o,nd 1891-6 compared with the d,eath rates at each age-period in 1861-70.
  • Page -
    TABLE ..............X. London. (A) Whooping cough—Death rates per 1,000,000 living.
  • Page -
    (B) Death rates at " all ages ages taken as 100.
  • Page -
    (C) Increase or decrease per cent, of death rates at each age period in 1851-60. 1871-80, 1881-90 and 1891-6, compared with the death rates at each age period in 1861-70.
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    TABLE XI. London. Diphtheria and Croup.
    Year.Death rates per million.Death rate at ages 3-15 (all ages death rate taken as 100).
    All ages.Ages 3-15.
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    TABLE XII. London. Diphtheria and croup.
    Period."Ages 3-10.""All ages."
    Estimated deaths assuming same proportion of deaths at ages 3-10 in 1871-5 and successive periods as obtained in 1861-70.Registered deaths.Excess.Estimated deaths assuming same proportion of deaths at ages 3-10 in 1871-5 and successive periods as obtained in 1861-70.Registered deaths.Death rate per million calculated on estimated deaths shown in column 4.Death rate per million calculated on registered deaths shown in column 5.Death rate in 1861-70 taken at 100.
    On estimated death rate in column 6.On death rate in column 7.
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    TABLE XIII. London, 1892-96.
    Age—period.Estimated mean weekly number of notifications in August on the assumption of a continuous curve of prevalence extending over the months of June. July, August, September and October, 1892-6.Mean weekly number of cases notified in August, 1896.Increase or decrease per cent. of estimated notifications over actual number of cases notified.
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    Notified Cases—Diphtheria, 1895.
    Weeks.Notified cases.Increase or decrease per cent.
    All ages.0-33-44-1313 and up.No age stated.All ages.0-33-44-1313 and up.
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    Diphtheria Notifications, 1891-5.
    Ages under 3.Ages 3-13.Ages 13 and upwards.
    Weeks preceding holiday influence.Weeks of holiday influence.Weeks following holiday influence.Weeks preceding holiday influence.Weeks of holiday influence.Weeks following holiday influence.Weeks preceding holiday influence.Weeks of holiday influence.Weeks following holiday influence.
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    Continued from previous page...
    Ages under 3.Ages 3-13.Ages 13 and upwards.
    Weeks preceding holiday influence.Weeks of holiday-influence.Weeks following holiday influence.Weeks preceding holiday influence.Weeks of holiday influence.Weeks following holiday influence.Weeks preceding holiday influence.Weeks of holiday influence.Weeks following holiday influence.
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    Weekly cases of diphtheria notified in Berlin, from the24th to the 37th weeks, 1893-5.
    Weeks.2425262728293031323334353637
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    Adding together the figures for three periods of four weeks, i.e., before, during (figures shown in clarendon type) and after the period of holiday influence the following results are obtained—
    1893.1894.1895.
    Weeks.Cases.Weeks.Cases.Weeks.Cases.
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    Diphtheria, 1887-96. Berlin, 1887-96.
    Age period.Population, 1890.Deaths, 1887-96.Death rates per million.Death rates per million—Death rates at 0-3 being taken as 1,000.
    Diphtheria.Diphtheria and croup.Diphtheria and croup plus "Scharlach diphtherie.''Diphtheria.Diphtheria and croup.Diphtheria and croup plus "Scharlach diphtherie."Diphtheria.Diphtheria and croup.Diphtheria and croup plus "Scharlach diphtherie."
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    London, 1887-96.
    Age period.Population, 1891.Deaths, 1887-96.Death rates per million.Death rates per million —Death rates at 0-3 being taken as 1,000.
    Diphtheria.Diphtheria and croup.Diphtheria.Diphtheria and croup.Diphtheria.Diphtheria and croup.
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    These corrected returns show that in the following thirty-one districts, the number of houses on the register ranges between 6 in Plumstead and 1,500 in Kensington.
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    The manner in which the houses are occupied and the amount of charge is shown in the following table—
    Common lodging-house.Single women.Single men.Doubles.
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    Kensington.— There are ten common lodging-houses in Kensington into which women are received, and only one of these is devoted exclusively to women. The number of persons for which these houses are registered and the prices charged is shown in the following table—
    Common lodging-house.Single women.Single men.Doubles.
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    Westminster.— 1 here are tour common lodging-houses receiving women in this district, providing accommodation as follows—
    Common lodging-house.Single women.Doubles.
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    Islington.— There are six registered common lodging-houses in the district receiving women The following statement shows the number for which accommodation is provided and the charges—
    Common lodging-house.Single women.Single men.Doubles.
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    St. Pancras.— Five common lodging-houses in this district receive women, and in only one house are men also received. The charges are as follows—
    Common lodging-house.Single women.Doubles.
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    St. Giles.— There are only three lodging-houses receiving women in this district, and only single women are provided for in each. The numbers accommodated and the charges are as follows—
    Common lodging-house.Single women.Charge.
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    The extent of accommodation and the charges are shown below.
    Common lodging-house.Single women.Single men.Doubles.
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    The extent of and charges for accommodation are shown below—
    Common lodging-house.Single women.Single men.Doubles.
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    The extent of accommodation and the charges made are as follows— Common
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    The following table gives the number of inhabited houses and persons, as well as the acreage of each sub-district and of the entire area of Clerkenwell: —
    Acres.Inhabited houses.Population.
    1861.1871.1881.1891.1896.1861.1871.1881.1891.1896.
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    The age constitution of the population in 1891 was as follows—-
    Age period.0-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-
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    In the following table rates of births and deaths per 1,000 are given of both Clerkenwell and London since 1891. The general death rates have been corrected for age and sex distribution.
    Year.Clerkenwell.London.
    Births.Deaths all causes.Zymotic deaths.Infantile mortality per 1,000 births.Births.Deaths all causes.Zymotic deaths.Infantile mortality per 1,000 births.
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    The following table shows the acreage, number of inhabited houses, and population of each sub-district, and of the whole parish at the date of each census since 1871—
    Acres.Inhabited houses.Population.
    1871.1881.1891.1871.1881.1891.1896.
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    The age constitution of the population at the date or the loyi census was a! follows—
    Age period.0—6—10—15—20—15—35—45—55—65—76—
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    In the following table the rates of births and deaths per 1,000 persons in St. Luke are given for recent years. For the purpose of comparison, the corresponding rates in the adjoining districts of Clerkenwell and Holborn, as well as in London generally, are also given.
    Birth rate.Death rate.
    London.St. Luke.Holborn.Clerkenwell.London.St. Luke.Holborn.Clerkenwell.
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    The deaths from the principal zymotic diseases, and of children under one year of age, give the following rates—
    * Zymotic death rate per 1,000 living.Deaths under one year old per 1,000 births.
    London.St. Luke.Holborn.Clerkenwell.London.St. Luke.Holborn.Clerkenwell.