Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]
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Towns. | Estimated population middle of 1896. | Crude death rate per 1,000 liying. | Death rate per 1,000 living (corrected for age and sex distribution). | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1886.95. | 1896. | 1886.95. | 1896. | ||
London | 4,421,955 | 20.1 | 18.62 | 21.4 | 19.8 |
Manchester | 529,561 | 25.6 | 22.6 | 29.0 | 25.6 |
Liverpool | 632,512 | 26.0 | 22.7 | 28.5 | 24.9 |
Birmingham | 501,241 | 20.7 | 20.8 | 22.9 | 23.0 |
Leeds | 402,449 | 21.2 | 18.8 | 235 | 20.8 |
Sheffield | 347,278 | 21.6 | 19.3 | 24.0 | 21.5 |
West Ham | 261,297 | 18.3 | 16.1 | 19.7 | 17.4 |
Bristol | 230,623 | 19.2 | 16.9 | 20.1 | 17.7 |
Nottingham | 229,775 | 19.4 | 17.5 | 20.9 | 18.8 |
Bradford | 228,809 | 20.3 | 16.5 | 23.2 | 18.9 |
Hull | 220,844 | 20.1 | 18.9 | 21.1 | 19.9 |
Salford | 210,707 | 24.9 | 22.6 | 28.0 | 25.4 |
London had, therefore, (comparing the corrected death.rates) in 1896 a lower death rate than
that of any of these towns except West 11am, Bristol, Nottingham and Bradford, and in the period
1886.95, a lower death rate than any except West Ham, Bristol, Nottingham and Hull.
The following table enables comparison to be made of the death rate of London with those of several foreign cities—*
Towns. | 1886.95. | 1896. | Towns. | 1886.95. | 1896. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | 201 | 18'62 | St. Petersburg | 29.6 | 30.9 |
Paris | 22.5 | 190 | Berlin | 210 | 179 |
Brussels | 207 | 182 | Vienna | 24.2 | 22 3 |
Amsterdam | 20.8 | 17.4 | Rome ... | 23.3 | 191 |
Copenhagen | 211 | 16.8 | New York | 24.6 | 214 |
Stockholm | 198 | 16.8 |
It will be seen that whereas the death rate in London in 1886.95 was lower than any of these
cities except Stockholm, in 1896 it exceeded the death rates of Brussels, Amsterdam, Copenhagen
Stockholm and Berlin.
The following table shows the crude death rates and the death rates corrected for differences in the age and sex constitution of the populations, obtaining in each of the sanitary districts of London for the year 1896, and the period 1886.95—
Sanitary area. | Standard death rate. | Factor for correction for age and sex distribution. | Crude death rate, 1886.95. | Corrected death rate, 1886.95. | Comparative mortality figure, 1886.95. (London 1,000.) | Crude death rate, 1896. | Corrected .death rate, 1896. | Comparative mortality figure, 1896. (London 1,000.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | 17.96 | 106626 | 19.7 | 210 | 1000 | 18 l1 | 193 | 1000 |
Battersea | 17.80 | 1.07584 | — | — | — | 17.7 | 19.0 | 984 |
Bermondsey | 18.10 | 1.05801 | 22.4 | 23.7 | 1,129 | 21.6 | 22.9 | 1,187 |
Bethnal-green | 18.89 | 1.04188 | 23.1 | 24.1 | 1,148 | 22.1 | 23.0 | 1,192 |
Camberwell | 18.10 | 1.05801 | 18.4 | 19.5 | 929 | 17.8 | 18.8 | 974 |
Chelsea | 17.95 | 1.06685 | 20.8 | 21.7 | 1,083 | 18.8 | 20.1 | 1,041 |
Clerkenwell | 17.28 | 1.10822 | 28.0 | 25.5 | 1,214 | 20.7 | 22.9 | 1,187 |
Fulham | 18.27 | 1.04817 | — | — | _ | 17.6 | 18.4 | 958 |
Greenwich | 18.63 | 1.02791 | 19.3 | 19.8 | 948 | 18.5 | 19.0 | 984 |
Hackney | 18.30 | 1.04645 | — | — | _ | 15.7 | 16.4 | 850 |
Hammersmith | 18.05 | 106094 | — | — | _ | 17.2 | 18.2 | 948 |
Hampstead | 16.63 | 1.15158 | 12.4 | 14.3 | 681 | 11.9 | 18.7 | 710 |
Holborn | 17.62 | 1.08688 | 25.5 | 27.7 | 1,819 | 23.4 | 25.4 | 1,816 |
Islington | 17.90 | 1.06988 | 180 | 19.8 | 919 | 17.1 | 18.8 | 948 |
Kensington | 17.88 | 1.10184 | 17.0 | 18.7 | 890 | 16.8 | 18.5 | 959 |
Lambeth | 18.24 | 1.04989 | 19.5 | 20.5 | 976 | 16.9 | 17.7 | 917 |
1 See footnote (1), page 7.
2 Including deaths of Londoners in the Metropolitan Workhouses, Hospitals, and Lunatic Asylums situated outside Registration
London, but excluding deaths of persons not belonging to London occurring in the Highgate Smallpox Hospital, in the London Fever
Hospital, in the Middlesex County Lunatic Asylum at Wandsworth, and in the Metropolitan Asylums Boards Hospitals within
Registration London.
3 All death rates in this report relating to London Sanitary Districts are fully corrected for institutions. (See footnote (1), page 7)
* All death.rates in this report relating to foreign cities are calculated upon figures published by the Registrar.General.