London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

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London County Council 1893

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

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Marylebone—424 inspections of bakehouses.
Hampstead—41 bakehouses, regularly inspected, sanitary conditions fairly good.
St. Pancras—207 bakehouses, inspected twice yearly and notices served when necessary.
Islington—171 visits to bakehouses.
Hackney—17 bakehouses inspected.
St. Giles—28 bakehouses, regularly inspected and notices served.
St. Martin-in-the-Fields—Bakehouses regularly inspected, found as a rule to be very satisfactory.
Strand—28 bakehouses, of which 26 are underground, works of improvement carried out in the
case of 20.
Holborn—-23 bakehouses, all inspected and the defects found were remedied.
Clerkenwell—58 bakehouses, inspected twice in the year and found clean and in good order.
St. Luke—37 bakehouses visited, notices served and complied with ; of the total number 21 of
the bakehouses are situated in the basement, and for the most part inefficiently ventilated ; the remaining
16 are in the rear of the shops on the same level, being really constructed over the yards.
Shoreditch—99 bakehouses inspected, mostly underground, 27 found to be in good sanitary
condition, 7 fair, 51 more or less defective, and 11 distinctly bad and most insanitary, satisfactory
progress being made in improvement.
Bethnal-green—106 under inspection, 44 underground, in the whole of the parish only 13
found in a fairly clean and satisfactory condition, the remainder either dirty or badly ventilated,
in 28 the custom of sweeping the refuse under troughs continued notwithstanding strong remonstrances,
two bakehouses absolutely unfit for use.
St. George-in-the-East—50 bakehouses inspected, some cleansed and repaired.
Limehouse—47 bakehouses inspected.
Poplar.—Poplar and Bromley—-Inspected twice during the year 86 bakehouses, 47 notices served
and complied with, all bakehouses inspected twice yearly. Bow—All bakehouses inspected twice
yearly, and 22 notices served and complied with.
St. George-the-Martyr, Southwark—66 bakehouses under inspection.
Newington—82 bakehouses now being used, of which 15 are of underground construction,
various structural alterations have been carried out, and the ventilation improved in several of those
underground.
Bermondsey—85 bakehouses in the parish, of these 51 are above ground and 34 under, 73 are
in use, 12 not used.
Rotherhithe—Bakehouses have been inspected, in some of them great improvements have
been effected.
Battersea—109 bakehouses, 296 inspections of bakehouses, 18 nuisances abated. Since transfer
of inspection to local authority, seven bakehouses in the parish have been inspected half-yearly, in
a few cases in which defects are found to exist, re-inspection takes place until defects are remedied.
Wandsworth.—Clapham—Bakehouses inspected twice during year, lime-whiting required in
15 instances. Putney—Bakehouses inspected twice during year and necessary lime-whiting carried
out, all found to be in satisfactory condition. Streatham—Bakehouses duly inspected and necessary
lime-whiting and cleansing regularly carried out. Wandsworth—Bakehouses inspected, and their
condition as regards cleanliness and general sanitary state found to be satisfactory.
Camberwell—308 bakehouse inspections.
Greenwich.— Greenwich—96 visits to bakehouses, and those in insanitary state reported to the
Board. Beptford—No great fault to be found with bakehouses in Deptford.
Lewisham—80 bakehouses regularly inspected.
Woolwich—37 bakehouses. " Although for the most part the regulations have been generally
observed, there can be no doubt that many of these places are totally unfit for the purpose they are put
to, the difficulties, however, in dealing with such are manifest, as it would involve serious interference
with trade interests which cannot always be fully justified."
Plumstead—37 bakehouses, 32 cleansed, bakehouses inspected in April and October. " They
maintain the former standard as to sanitary conditions, but this standard can hardly be a high one
until it is made compulsory for them to be certified as fit for their purpose before occupation."
Disinfection and Destruction of Infected Articles and Provision of Shelters.
The Public Health (London) Act, Section 59, requires sanitary authorities to provide proper
premises with all necessary apparatus and attendance for the destruction and for the disinfection, and
carriages or vessels for the removal, of articles which have become infected by any dangerous infectious
disease; and Section 60 requires sanitary authorities to provide, free of charge, temporary shelter or
house accommodation with any necessary attendants for the members of any family in which any
dangerous infectious disease has appeared who have been compelled to leave their dwellings for the
purpose of enabling such dwellings to be disinfected by the sanitary authority.
In April, 1893, I presented a report showing the provision made in the several districts.
Referring to disinfection, I pointed out that disinfection by dry heat was a much less satisfactory method
than disinfection by steam, that the plan adopted by some authorities of arranging for disinfection to be
done by a contractor was not altogether free from objection, and that advantage would result if,
in connection with the appliances for disinfection, a laundry were provided where articles which could
be boiled could be thus treated and returned in a clean condition to their owners. In only a few
districts had special appliances been provided for the destruction of infected articles, and in only thirteen
instances had sanitary authorities provided shelters. In discussing the latter, I drew attention to the
differences in the character of the provision which had been made, to the need for this provision
being adequate for use by night, and to the need of baths in connection with the shelter. The Public