[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Holborn, Metropolitan Borough]

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The following statistics for the Census years 1901 and 1911, and for last year, 1913, indicate the very great improvement that has taken place in the sanitary and hygienic condition of the Borough since the formation of the Holborn Borough.

	1901.	1911.	1913.

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ESTIMATED POPULATION, 1913. The following are the estimated populations at the middle of the year 1913:—

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REGISTERED BIRTHS AND BIRTH-RATES.

District.	Males.	Females.	Both Sexes.			Birth rate per 1,000
District.	Males.	Females.	Legitimate.	Illegitimate.	Total.	Birth rate per 1,000

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The corrected numbers are as follows:—

District.	Corrected number of Births of Residents.			Corrected Birth-rate per 1000.
District.	Legitimate.	Illegitimate.	Total.	1913.	1912.

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MORTALITY. The following deaths have been registered in the Borough (1913):—

	St. Giles and Bloomsbury.	Holborn.	Total.

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Of these deaths the following occurred in Public Institutions, &c., within the area of the Borough:—

INSTITUTION.	Residents.				Non-Residents.
INSTITUTION.	St. Giles and Bloomsbury.	Holborn.			St. Giles and Bloomsbury.	Holborn.

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CORRECTED DEATHS AND DEATH-RATES, 1913.

District.	Total Deaths at all ages registered in District.	Deaths in Public Institutions in District.	Deaths of nonresidents of Borough registered in District.	Deaths of Residents registered beyond the District.		Deaths at all ages. Nett, 1913.	Death Rate for 1913.	Corresponding period 1912
District.	Total Deaths at all ages registered in District.	Deaths in Public Institutions in District.	Deaths of nonresidents of Borough registered in District.	In Borough.	Beyond Borough.	Deaths at all ages. Nett, 1913.	Death Rate for 1913.	Corresponding period 1912

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INFANTILE MORTALITY. The number of deaths of children under one year of age, and the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 total registered births and per 1,000 corrected births, were the following for:—

	Deaths under 1 year of age.	Deaths under 1 year per 1,000 registered births.	Deaths under 1 year per 1,000 corrected legitimate births.	Deaths under 1 year per 1,000 corrected illegitimate births.	Deaths under 1 year per 1,000 corrected births.

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Death-rate per 1,000 corrected births in 1913 and in seven preceding years during which details respecting births have been supplied.

	1906.	1907.	1908.	1909.	1910.	1911.	1912.	1913.

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The total number of births notified in the Borough during the registration year 1913, was as follows:—

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SENILE MORTALITY. The number of deaths of persons 65 years of age and upwards was in:—

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The death-rate for the Borough was only 0.61 in comparison with 132 for London.

	Number.	Epidemic Death-Rate.

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The following are the number of deaths from the separate diseases:—

	St. Giles and Bloomsbury.	Holborn Sub-District.	Holborn Borough.	London.

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DEATHS FROM EPIDEMIC DISEASES OCCURRING IN THE BOROUGH DURING THE YEAR 1913 AND DURING THE PRECEDING TEN YEARS.

Year.	Small-pox.		Measles.		Scarlet Fever.		Diphtheria.		Whooping Cough.		Enteric Fever.		Diarrhœa.		Total.
Year.	Number.	Rate per 1000.	Number.	Rate per 1000.	Number.	Rate per 1000.	Number.	Rate per 1000.	Number.	Rate per 1000.	Number.	Rate per 1000.	Number	Rate per 1000.	Number.	Rate per 1000.

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The following inquests on the bodies of Parishioners were held :—

District.	Total Number.	Cause of Death.
District.	Total Number.	Natural.	Accidents.	Suicide.	Murder.

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NOTIFICATIONS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN THE BOROUGH DURING 1913, AND DURING THE PRECEDING TEN YEARS, AND RATES PER 1,000.

Year.	Small-pox.		Diphtheria and Membranous Croup.		Scarlet Fever.		Enteric Fever.		Continued Fever.		Erysipelas.		Puerperal Fever.		Typhus Fever.		Ophthalmia Neonatorum.		Cerebrospinal Fever		Acute Polio-myelitis.		Total.
	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per 1000.	No.	Rate per 1000.

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The following table gives the number of deaths in the Holborn Borough and the death-rates per 1,000 (crude and corrected for sex and age distribution of the Holborn population in comparison with London) and the corresponding rates for London, for the 11 years 1903-1913, inclusive.

Year	Holborn Borough.			London. Rate per 1,000
	Deaths.	Death-Rate per 1,000.
		Crude.	Corrected.

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BACTERIOLOGY. The following table gives details of the examinations made by the Royal Institute of Public Health during the year.

Diphtheria.		Enteric Fever.		Consumption		Gonococci.
Number Submitted.	Result of Examination.	Number Submitted.	Result of Examination.	Number Submitted.	Result of Examination.	Number Submitted.	Result of Examination.

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DISINFECTIONS. During the 53 weeks ended January 3rd, 1914.

District.	Rooms.	Bedding, &c. Number of Articles.	Number of Persons using Shelter.

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HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACTS. Housing, Town Planning, &c., Act, 1909. Proceedings under Section 17.

Houses Inspected.	Represented by MediealOfficer of Health.	Defects Remedied without Closing Orders.	Closed Voluntarily.	General Character of Defects.	Remarks.

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St. Giles and Bloomsbury.

Situation of Common Lodging House.	Authorised No. of Lodgers.	Sex of Lodgers.	Situation of Common Lodging House.	Authoi ised No. of Lodgers.	Sex of Lodgers.

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Holborn District.

Situation of Common Lodging House.	Authorised No. of Lodgers.	Sex of Lodgers.	Situation of Common Lodging House.	Authorised No. of Lodgers.	Sex of Lodgers.

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Inspections of Factories, Workshops and Workplaces.

Class of Work.	Number of Places.					Number of Inspections, 1913.	Number of Notices 1913.		Number of Prosecutions 1913.
	On Register at end of 1912.	Added in 1913.	Removed in 1913	On Register at end of 1913			Number of Notices 1913.
	On Register at end of 1912.	Added in 1913.	Removed in 1913	Premises.	Rooms.		Intimations.	Statutory.

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1.—Milk, and Cream not sold as PreservedCream.

	Number of samples examined for the preserve of preservatives.	Number in which a preservative was reported to be present.

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APPENDIX. TABLE I. Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1913 and Previous Years. Name of District—The Mktropolitan Borough of Holborn.

Year.	Population estimated to Middle of each Year.	Births.			Total Deaths Registered in the District.		Transferable Deaths.		Nett Deaths belonging to the District.
		Births.			Total Deaths Registered in the District.		Transferable Deaths.		Under 1 Year of Age		At all Ages.
		Uncorrected Number.	Nett.		Number.	Rate.	of Nonresidents registered in the District.	of Residents not registered in the District.	Number.	Rate per 1,000 Births.	Number.	Rate.
1	2	3	Number. 4	Rate. 5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13

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TABLE II. Cases of Infectious Disease notified during the year 1913. Name of District—Holborn.

Notifiable Disease.	Number of Cases Notified.								Total Cases notified in each Locality (e.g. Parish or Ward) of the District.		Total Cases Removed To Hospitals.
	At all Ages.	At Ages—Years.							St. Giles and Bloomsbury.	Holborn.
	At all Ages.	Under 1.	1 to 5	6 to 15.	15 to 25.	25 to 45.	45to 65.	65 and upwards.	St. Giles and Bloomsbury.	Holborn.

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TABLE III. Cause of, and ages at, Death.

Causes of Death.		Net Deaths at the Subjoined Ages op "Residents" whether occurring within or without the district									Deaths in Localities (at all ages).		Total Deaths whether or "Residents" or "Non-Residents" in Institutions in the District.
Causes of Death.		All Ages.	Under 1 year.	1 and under 2 years.	2 and under 5 years.	5 and under 15 years.	15 and under 25 years.	23 and under 45 years.	45 and under 65 years.	65 and upwards.	St. Giles and Bloomsbury.	Hol-boru.

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TABLE IV. Infantile Mortality during the Year 1913. Nett Deaths from stated causes at various Ages under One Year of Age.

Cause of Death.		Under 1 Week	1-2 Weeks.	2-3 Weeks.	3-4 Weeks.	Total under 4 Weeks.	4 Weeks and under 3 Months	3-6 Months.	6-9 Months.	9-12 Months.	Total Deaths under One Year.

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TABLE V. Sanitary Inspectors' Work.—Inspections, &c.

		Inspector Bennett.	Inspector Clark.	Inspector Larard.	Inspector Orange.	Whole Borough.

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TABLE VI. Sanitary Inspectors' Work.—Notices served.

	Inspector Bennett.	Inspector Clark.	Inspector Lirard.	Inspector Orange.	Total.

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TABLE VI.—continued. Sanitary Inspectors' Work.—Notices served, —continued.

	Inspector Bennett.	Inspector Clark.	Inspector Larard.	Inspector Orange.	Total.

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TABLE VIII. FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS, LAUNDRIES, WORKPLACES AND HOMEWORK. 1.—Inspection. Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.

Premises.	Number of
	Inspections.		Written Notices.		Prosecutions.
	Inspections.		Intimations.	Statutory.	Prosecutions.

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2.—Defects Found.

Particulars.		Number of Defects.			Number of Prosecutions.
Particulars.		Found.	Remedied.	Referred to H.M. Inspector.	Number of Prosecutions.

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TABLE VIII.—continued. 3.—HOME WORK.

NATURE OF WORK.*	Octworkers' Lists, Section 107.									Outwork in Unwholesome Premises. Section 108.			Outwork in Infected Premises, Sections 109, 110.
	Lists received from Employers.						Notices served on Occupiers as to keeping or sending lists.	Prosecutions.		Instances.	Notices served.	Prosecutions.	Instances.	Orders made (S. 110).	Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110)
	Sending twice in the year			Sending once in the year.				Failing to keep or permit inspection of lists.	Failing to send lists.
	Lists, †	Outworkers.†		Lists.	Outworkers.
	Lists, †	Contractors.	Workmen.	Lists.	Contractors	Workmen.
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)	(15)	(16)

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TABLE VIII-—continued. 4.—Registered Workshops.

Workshops on the Register (s. 131) at the end of the year.		Number.
(1)		(2)

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5.—Other Matters.

Class.	Number.
(1)	(2)

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TABLE IX. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. Public Health (London) Act, 1891.

Date.	Name.	Premises.	Offence.	Result.

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TABLE X, LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. Sale of Food and Drugs Acts.

Date.	Name.	Address.	Offences.	Result.

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TABLE X—continued. LEGAL PEOCEEDINGS.—continued. Sale of Foods and "Drugs Acts.—continued.

Date.	X a me.	Address.	Offences.	Result.

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TABLE XI. Meteorology of London, 1913. (Deduced from observations at Greenwich under the superintendence of the Astronomer Royal.

1913.	Air Temperature.				Bright Sunshine			Rain and other forms of precipitation.
	Mean of—		M ean of A. and B.	Difference from Normal.*	Daily Mean.	Difference from Normal.*	Per cent, of possible.	Total fall.	Difference from Normal,*
	Maximum A	Minimum B	M ean of A. and B.	Difference from Normal.*	Daily Mean.	Difference from Normal.*	Per cent, of possible.	Total fall.	Difference from Normal,*

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Holborn 1913

40 tables in this report

The following statistics for the Census years 1901 and 1911, and for last year, 1913, indicate the very great improvement that has taken place in the sanitary and hygienic condition of the Borough since the formation of the Holborn Borough.

ESTIMATED POPULATION, 1913. The following are the estimated populations at the middle of the year 1913:—

REGISTERED BIRTHS AND BIRTH-RATES.

The corrected numbers are as follows:—

MORTALITY. The following deaths have been registered in the Borough (1913):—

Of these deaths the following occurred in Public Institutions, &amp;c., within the area of the Borough:—

CORRECTED DEATHS AND DEATH-RATES, 1913.

INFANTILE MORTALITY. The number of deaths of children under one year of age, and the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 total registered births and per 1,000 corrected births, were the following for:—

Death-rate per 1,000 corrected births in 1913 and in seven preceding years during which details respecting births have been supplied.

The total number of births notified in the Borough during the registration year 1913, was as follows:—

SENILE MORTALITY. The number of deaths of persons 65 years of age and upwards was in:—

The death-rate for the Borough was only 0.61 in comparison with 132 for London.

The following are the number of deaths from the separate diseases:—

DEATHS FROM EPIDEMIC DISEASES OCCURRING IN THE BOROUGH DURING THE YEAR 1913 AND DURING THE PRECEDING TEN YEARS.

The following inquests on the bodies of Parishioners were held :—

NOTIFICATIONS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN THE BOROUGH DURING 1913, AND DURING THE PRECEDING TEN YEARS, AND RATES PER 1,000.

The following table gives the number of deaths in the Holborn Borough and the death-rates per 1,000 (crude and corrected for sex and age distribution of the Holborn population in comparison with London) and the corresponding rates for London, for the 11 years 1903-1913, inclusive.

BACTERIOLOGY. The following table gives details of the examinations made by the Royal Institute of Public Health during the year.

DISINFECTIONS. During the 53 weeks ended January 3rd, 1914.

HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACTS. Housing, Town Planning, &amp;c., Act, 1909. Proceedings under Section 17.

St. Giles and Bloomsbury.

Holborn District.

Inspections of Factories, Workshops and Workplaces.

1.—Milk, and Cream not sold as PreservedCream.

APPENDIX. TABLE I. Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1913 and Previous Years. Name of District—The Mktropolitan Borough of Holborn.

TABLE II. Cases of Infectious Disease notified during the year 1913. Name of District—Holborn.

TABLE III. Cause of, and ages at, Death.

TABLE IV. Infantile Mortality during the Year 1913. Nett Deaths from stated causes at various Ages under One Year of Age.

TABLE V. Sanitary Inspectors' Work.—Inspections, &amp;c.

TABLE VI. Sanitary Inspectors' Work.—Notices served.

TABLE VI.—continued. Sanitary Inspectors' Work.—Notices served, —continued.

TABLE VIII. FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS, LAUNDRIES, WORKPLACES AND HOMEWORK. 1.—Inspection. Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances.

2.—Defects Found.

TABLE VIII.—continued. 3.—HOME WORK.

TABLE VIII-—continued. 4.—Registered Workshops.

5.—Other Matters.

TABLE IX. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. Public Health (London) Act, 1891.

TABLE X, LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. Sale of Food and Drugs Acts.

TABLE X—continued. LEGAL PEOCEEDINGS.—continued. Sale of Foods and "Drugs Acts.—continued.

TABLE XI. Meteorology of London, 1913. (Deduced from observations at Greenwich under the superintendence of the Astronomer Royal.

Of these deaths the following occurred in Public Institutions, &c., within the area of the Borough:—

HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ACTS. Housing, Town Planning, &c., Act, 1909. Proceedings under Section 17.

TABLE V. Sanitary Inspectors' Work.—Inspections, &c.