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pipes are properly planned, a continuous up-draught
through all the pipes. The pipe is thus kept ventilated
perfectly, and—acting like a heated chimney—it sends all
smell up into the atmosphere above the roof-ridge. On
the other hand, the same pipes, when placed outside the
building, get very cold at night, and they then become
down-cast shafts. This reverses the ventilation-current
and brings the soil-pipe air and soapy-water smells down
into the basement of the house. This is a serious
insanitary defect.
That the soil-pipes can be made air-tight and watertight
is unquestionable. The heavy drawn leaden pipe,
united by the plumber's solid joint, can be made as sound
and tight as a leaden service water-pipe, and, when protected
from a large diurnal range of temperature, will
last as long. In the case of the Carlton Hotel, there
was no proposal to sacrifice the highest level of sanitation
to esthetic considerations, by putting the soil-pipes
inside. The greatest permanence and security, and the
working simplicity and perfect ventilation of vertical tubes
were thus obtained in conjunction with those esthetic considerations
which were so desirable.
It is only due to the Carlton Hotel Company, to say
that the sanitary work of their hotel has been done without
regard to expense, and that it has been carried out
in a way which could not have been excelled, either in
plan, materials, or workmanship. The works have been
in the hands of Messrs. Waring and Sons. The Carlton
Hotel is probably the most perfectly sanitated building
in London. Its future depends now only upon its administration.
SANITATION UP TO DATE.
The extreme complexity of modern apparatus for the
water-supplies, drainage, ventilation, and warming of large
and complicated buildings may be usefully indicated by the
following sketch of the works at the Carlton Hotel.
1. Large cisterns are provided in the roof, and