Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for Southwark, Borough of]
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hour from Z. I then applied a water test to the 4in. pipes carrying the
rain water and sink wastes (marked 1 and 2 on drawing A). The leakage
from the former was at the rate of 540 gallons per hour, and the latter
leaked, but the amount was not gauged. I was informed by your
Inspector, Mr. Grist, that the pipes marked Z Y and 2 had recently been
relaid.
The head of water applied to the pipes 1 and 2 was 3.29ft., or
1.6 lbs. per square inch.
On November 17th I had a smoke test applied to this block by four
smoke "rockets" placed in the inspection chamber. The soil pipes were
not plugged at their outlets. No trace of the smoke could be found in
the building itself, but the fumes issued from the top of the soil pipes on
the flat roof and were blown on to the flat.
This shows that the foul air from the main and branch drains can be
breathed by the people when on the flat roof. The soil pipes being on
both sides of the flat, whichever way the wind sets, foul air from one or
other would be likely to blow down on to the people.
The inspection chamber has recently been repaired, but was not in a
satisfactory condition. A 4in. stoneware pipe had been provided and
connected to a grid in the wall of the building about 8ft. from the ground.
This evidently was intended for a fresh air inlet, but had no mica flap
on it. No smoke issued from this grid.
I applied a smoke test to the manhole in Charles Street (numbered
M.H.B. on drawing A). This manhole was provided with a fresh air
inlet with mica flap. The smoke issued in large quantities from this
inlet which was about 5ft. from the windows.
Water Test and Inspection of Main Drain.
On November 14th and 15th I had four holes sunk on to the 9in.
main drain at the points O, M, P, H. It was found to be stoneware,
badly laid and roughly jointed. At the point O, where the two 6in. pipes
join the main drain, I found the 6in. pipe from chamber R cracked and
the next length patched. At the point H the joints on the invert of the
pipes were very faulty. A blade of a pen-knife was inserted, and when
withdrawn brought back fine black mud. The tops of the joints were
apparently sound.
The results from the other holes were the same, but at the point M
a joint recently made was exposed and apparently sound and well made.
This, I believe, was the part relaid when the manhole marked A was put
in. The soil under the pipes and joints was black and wet, a sample
taken at the hole marked H containing worms.