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59
has shown that under natural outdoor conditions the typhoid organism is capable
of growing very rapidly in polluted earth, and can apparently survive from one
summer to another in such soil.
Hence it is to be concluded that paved, levelled, and drained yards and watertight
drains are essential where the residents desire to be secure against typhoid
fever.
Standards of Sanitation of Dwelling Premises.—In judging of the degrees of sanitation,
it is necessary to distinguish between a nuisance actually injurious to health
a nuisance dangerous to health, and a nuisance prejudicial to health, also other acts
of commission and omission that may possibly be considered detrimental to health
or comfort, and further also those improvements that may be made in structure,
fitting, or arrangement, that contribute to comfort and convenience, and tand to
protect and improve health.
Thus for convenience sake it may be possible to adopt four standards of sanitation:—
1.—A nuisance standard in which actual danger or prejudice to health can
be shown.
2.—A statutory standard in reference to many conditions specifically defined
by statute, e.g., underground dwellings.
3.—A bye-law standard in reference to many structures and Acts detailed in
bye-laws, e.g., paving of yards.
4.—A premium standard. This is the standard no doubt intended by the
Customs and Inland Revenue Acts, 1890, sec. 26, and for which exemption from
inhabited house duty is offered as a premium.
INSANITARY AREAS.
Churchway Area.—The Loudon County Council is proceeding with the scheme
under part I. of the Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890, referring to this
area.
Brantome Place and Prospect Terrace Improvement Schemes.—As stated in the
previous Annual Report, your Vestry prepared two schemes under Part II of the
Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890, in reference to (1) the Prospect Terrace
Area, in which 581 persons were to be displaced, at an estimated cost of £11,273,
and on which 140 persons were to be re housed; and (2) the Brantome Place Area,
on which 719 persons were to be displaced, at an estimated cost of £16,940, and on
which 228 persons were to be re-housed. The two schemes making a total of 1,3C0
persons to be displaced, at an estimated cost of £28,214, and 428 persons to be rehoused
on the Areas.
Your Vestry then petitioned the Local Government Board for the issue of Orders
sanctioning the two schemes.
On the 10th and 16th March, 1897, the Local Government Board held an Inquiry
into the Schemes.
On the 25th June, the Local Government Board wrote, saying that the Board
considered that, as the schemes do not provide for the re-housing of more than 428