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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

Kensington 1909

Annual report of the Medical Officer of Health 1909

Published
1910
Author
Sandilands, J. E.
Pages
92
Tables
77

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77 tables in this report

  • Page VIII
    SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, For the year 1909.
    Population (Estimated)181,500.
  • Page 3
    For the year 1909 the population is assumed to have been distributed in North and South
  • Page 3
    The Borough 181,500
  • Page 4
    The following table shows the number of births and the birth-rate in North and South Kensington and in the several wards, after distribution of the births at the Borough Infirmary and Queen Charlotte's Hospital:—
    Total Births.Birth-rate per 1,000 of the Population.
  • Page 4
    In the following table the proportion of total births to the whole population is compared with the proportion of legitimate births to married females of conceptive age in Kensington and London respectively:—
    PeriodBirth-rate per 1,000 living.Legitimate Births per 100 Married Women aged 15—45 years.
    London.Kensington.London.Kensington.
  • Page 5
    Illegitimate Births.—The illegitimate births numbered 183, and were equivalent to a of 10 per 10,000 persons living. In the following tables the illegitimate births in London Kensington are shown in proportion to every 10,000 inhabitants and to every 1,000 unmarried widowed females aged 15—45 years.
    PeriodIllegitimate Birth-rate.
    Per 10,000 living.Per 1,000 Unmarried and Widowed Females aged 15—45 years.
    London.Kensington.London.Kensington.
  • Page 5
    The following figures show how the corrected number of deaths given above has been obtained:—
  • Page 6
    The following table records the mortality per 1,000 living of each sex at different age-periods:—
    Age-Period.Population.Deaths.Death-rate.
    Both Sexes.Males.FemalesBoth Sexes.Males.Females.Both Sexes.Males.Females.
  • Page 7
    The number of deaths at all ages with the corresponding death-rates in the Borough, in North and South Kensington andin the several Wards was as follows:—
    Districts.Number of Deaths.Crude Death-rate per 1,000 inhabitants.
  • Page 7
    Causes of Death.—These are set out in detail in the appendix. The following list shows certain causes of death which are important in themselves or from the fact that they contributed a considerable share to the total mortality for the year.
  • Page 8
    It will be seen that the principal zymotic diseases were responsible for a substantial number of the total deaths and the zymotic death-rates shown in the following table may be accepted, with certain reservations, as a test of the sanitary state of the Borough.
    Period.Deaths from Principal Zymotic Diseases per 1,000 persons living.
    Kensington.London.
  • Page 9
    The difference between the infantile death rates recorded in the various districts of the Borough is shown in the following table:
    District.Deaths under one year.Deaths under one year per 1,000 Births.
  • Page 10
    The effect of want of breast milk and the artificial feeding which it entails is shown in the following table:—
    Method of Feeding,Infants visited at Age 3 to 4 months.Infants who died before the age of 6 months.
  • Page 10
    The figures show that the percentage of artificially fed children among those who died before the age of six months was very much higher than in the infant population at large at the same ages. In the following table the infants visited and the infants who died are classified according to the number of the rooms in the tenements occupied by their parents.
    Number of Rooms in Tenement,l234 or more.
  • Page 10
    The chief diseases registered as the cause of deaths in infants were as follows:—
    Disease.Number of deaths.
  • Page 11
    Prematurity.—Information was obtained as to the past histories of 30 mothers whose children died from prematurity in 1909.
    Occupation.Number of Mothers.
  • Page 11
    The alleged causes of premature labour were:—
  • Page 11
    In eleven cases a history was obtained of previous pregnancies which had ended in premature birth, still birth or miscarriage:—
    CASE NUMBER.IIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXI
  • Page 11
    The total number of previous pregnancies in the thirty cases investigated is shown in the following table:—
  • Page 13
    The following information was obtained as to the feeding of 987 infants visited before the age of two months and in the great majority of cases at ages between 10 and 20 days:—
    Method of Feeding.Number of Infants.Percentage.
  • Page 17
    Diphtheria in 1909.
    Report for four weeks endedNo. of Notifications.
    Kensington.London.
  • Page 18
    Diphtheria in Kensington, 1899-1909.
    Year.Cases Notified.Case rate per 1,000 of population.Deaths.Death rate per 1,000 of population.Case Mortalityper cent.
  • Page 18
    Scarlet Fever in 1909.
    Report for four weeks endedNo. of Notifications.
    Kensington.London.
  • Page 19
    Scarlet Fever in Kensington, 1899-1909
    The Year.Cases notified.Case rate per 1,000 of population.Deaths.Death rate per 1,000 of population.Case mortality per cent.
  • Page 19
    Enteric Fever in Kensington, 1899-1909.
    YearCases Notified.Case-rate per 1,000 of population.Deaths.Death-rate per 1,000 of population.Case-mortality per cent.
  • Page 21
    During 1909 there were 50 deaths attributed to diarrhœa, of which 36 occurred in infants under one year of age. The death-rate from diarrhœa was 0·27 per 1,000. The number of deaths in previous years has been as follows:—
    Year.Deaths from Diarrhœa.
  • Page 21
    Owing to a comparatively cool summer the number of deaths has been well below the average for the past five years. Detailed information was obtained as to the circumstances attending the occurrence of 35 cases of fatal diarrhœa. The ages of the persons attacked were as follows:—
    AgeNumber attacked.
  • Page 22
    Dates of Onset of Cases of Diarrhoea in Houses and Families experiencing multiple invasion.
    House No.Family surname.Sex.Age (years).Date of onset.Date of death or recovery.
  • Page 24
    Tuberculosis in Kensington, 1898-1909.
    The Year.Deaths from Phthisis per 100,000 persons living.Deaths from other Tuberculous Diseases per 100,000 persons.Total deaths from Tuberculosis per 100,000 persons living.
  • Page 24
    Deaths From Phthisis.
    District.No. of Deaths.Death Rate.
  • Page 25
    Voluntary Notification.—Consumption has been voluntarily notifiable in Kensington since 1902. The number of voluntary notifications received in 1909 and previous years was as follows:—
    Year.Number of Notification.
  • Page 26
    Deaths in 1909 of persons previously notified
    Date of previous notification.Number of Deaths in 1909.
  • Page 27
    Home or other Accommodation of the Sick Person or Family.
    Number of Rooms Occupied.1234or more.Homeless Persons in the Infirmary.Common Lodginghouse Cases.NoInformation obtainable.Total Cases investigated.
  • Page 27
    Social Status of Consumptive Persons.
    Males—No. of Deaths.
  • Page 28
    Deaths from Cancer 1909.
    Parts Affcted.Sex.Total.
    Male.Female.
  • Page 29
    Mortality from Cancer.
    Deaths fromAll CausesCancer.
  • Page 35
    The names of the licensees, and the localities of the premises, are as follows:-
  • Page 36
    Samples Collected by the Sanitary Inspectors.
    Name of Sample.Number Taken.Number Adulterated.
  • Page 37
    TABLE A.—Microbes per c.c. in Raw Waters.
    Source of Water.Number of Microbes.
    Average.Highest.Lowest.
  • Page 37
    TABLE B.- Microbes per c.c. in Filtered Waters.
    Source of Water.Microbes per c.c.
  • Page 38
    TABLE C.— Percentage of First Class Filtered Waters.
    Source of Water.Number of Samples.Per cent. First Class.
  • Page 38
    TABLE D.— Filtered Waters. Albumenoid Nitrogen Test.
    Source of Water.Albumenoid Nitrogen. Parts per 100,000
  • Page 41
    In the census year 1901, the tenements of less than five rooms numbered 21,315, and accom-modated a population of 73,425 persons distributed as follows:—
    Rooms in Tenement.Number of Tenements.Number of Persons.
  • Page 41
    Council's Lodging Houses.
    Rooms in a Tenement.Number of Tenements.Rent per WeekTenements Let.Tenements Empty.
  • Page 42
    Common Lodging Houses.
    Ward.Name of Keeper.Address of Common Lodging-House.No. of Lodgers, for which licensed, in 1909.
    Male.Female.Total.
  • Page 47
    "The subjoined table summarises particulars of the factories and workshops on the Register at the end of the year, in North Kensington and South Kensington respectively.
    Workshops, etc.North Kensington.South Kensington.Totalfor Whole Borough
    Dress-makers.Laun-dries.Miscel-laneous.Total.Dress-makers.Laun-dries.Miscel-laneous.Total.
  • Page 47
    The businesses carried on at the registered premises are set out in the subjoined list:—
    Trade or Business.North Kensington.South Kensington.Total in the Borough.
  • Page 48
    Home Work.
  • Page 49
    Home Work.
    Nature of Work.No. of Premises.
  • Page 49
    " Condition of Homes Visited.—The following Table shows the circumstances of the 142 homes where work is caried on: —
    Nature of Room used for Work.Condition of Rooms.Total Number of Rooms.
    Clean.Fairly Clean.Dirty.
  • Page 50
    The appended table summarises the work of the year, so far as it is capable of being expressed in this form. Inspection of Women's Workshops.
    1909North Kensington.South Kensington.Total for Borough.
    Dress-makers.Laun-dries.Miscel-laneousTotal.Dress-makersLaun-driesMiscel-laneousTotal.
  • Page 52
    I.—Inspection.
    Premises.Number of
    Inspections.Written Notices.Prosecutions.
  • Page 52
    II.—Defects Found.
    Particulars.Number of Defects.Number of Prosecutions.
    Found.Remedied.Referred to H.M. Inspector.
  • Page 53
    III.—Home Work.
    OUTWORKERS' LISTS, SECTION 107.Outwork in Unwholesome Premises, Section 108.Outwork in Infected Premises, Sections 109, 110.
    NATURE OF WORK.1Lists received from Employers.Addresses of Outworkers.§Notices served on Occupiers as to keeping or sending lists.Prosecutions.Inspections of Outworkers premises.Instances.Notices served.Prosecutions.Instances.Orders made (S. 110).Prosecutions (Sections 109, 110)
    Twice in the year.Once in the year.Received from other Councils.Forwardedto other Councils.Falling to keepor permitinspection of lists.Failing to send lists.
    Outworkers.†Outworkers.*
    Lists, †ContractorsWorkmen.Lists.Contractors.Workmen.
    1.23.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.
  • Page 54
    IV.-Registered Workshops.
    Workshops on the Register (s. 131) at the end of the Year.Number.
  • Page 54
    V.-Other Matters.
    Class.Number
  • Page 58
    Disinfection, 1909.
    Disease.Number of Disinfe:tions.
  • Page 60
    I am indebted to Mr. Buck, superintendent, for the subjoined particulars as to the use made of the Public Baths and Washhouses during 1909 and the two preceding years by washers and bathers:
    Year.Washers.Bathers.
  • Page 61
    The number of bodies deposited in 1909 and the four preceding years, together with the number of inquests held and the number of post-mortem examinations made in the Mortuary is shown in the following table:— Number of Bodies taken into the Mortuary.
    Year.No. of bodies received at the Mortuary.No. of bodies upon which Coroner's inquests were held.No. of bodies upon which post mortem examinations were made.
  • Page 65
    APPENDIX. Local Government Board Tables I.-V. Table I. For Whole District.
    Year.Population estimated to Middle of each Year.Births.Deaths under One Year of Age. Nett.Deaths at all Ages. Total.Deathsin Public Institutions.Deaths ofNonresidents registered inDistrict.Deaths of Residents registered beyond District.Deaths at all Ages. Nett.
    Number.Rate.*Number.Rate per 1,000 Births registeredNumber.Rate.*Number.Rate.*
    12345678910111213
  • Page 66
    TABLE II. For Separate Localities.
    Names of Localities.Borough of Kensington.North Kensington.South Kensington.
    Year.Population estimated to middle of each year.Births registered.Deaths at all ages.Deaths under 1 year.Population estimated to middle of each year.Births registered.Deaths at all ages.Deaths under 1 year.Population estimated to middle of each year.Births registered.Deaths at all ages.Deaths under 1 year.
  • Page 67
    TABLE III. Cases of Infectious Disease notified during the Year,1909.
    Notifiable Disease.Cases Notified in Kensington.Total Cases Notified in each District.Number of Casesremoved to Hospital from each District.
    At all Ages.At Ages—Years.North Kensington,South Kensington.North Kensington.South Kensington.
    Under 11 to 5.5 to 15.15 to 25.25 to 65.65 and upwards
  • Page 68
    TABLE IV. Causes of, and Ages at, Death during the Year 1908.
    Causes of Death.Deaths in whole District at subjoined ages.Deaths in Localities (at all ages).Total Deaths whether of Residents or non "Residents" in Public Institutions in the District.
    All Ages.Under 11 and under 5.5 and under 15.15 and under 25.25 and under 6565 and upwardsNorth Kensington.South Kensington.
  • Page 69
    TABLE V. INFANTILE MORTALITY DURING THE YEAR 1909. Deaths from stated Causes, in Weeks and Month:, under One Year of Age.
    Cause of Death.1 Under 1 week.1-2 Weeks.2-3 Weeks.3-4 Weeks.Total under 1 Month.1-2 Months.2-3 Months.3-4 Months.4-5 Months.5-6 Months.6-7 Months.7-8 Months.8-9 Months.9-10 Months.10-11 Months.11-12 Months.otal Deathsonder One Year.
  • Page 71
    TABLE VII. Summary of the Work of the Sanitary Inspectors during the Year 1909.
    Sanitary Districts.No. of Complaints made by Inhabitants, &c.No. of Inspections of Houses, Premises, &c.No. of Re-inspections of Houses, Premises, &c.Results of Inspection.House Drains.Water ClosetsDust Receptacles.Water Supply.Miscellaneous
    Written Intimations of Nuisance served.*Notices served by order of the Public Health Committee.Notices served under the Lodging-House By-lawsFinal Notices (signed by Medical Officer) served.Houses, Premises, &c., Cleansed, Repaired, Whitewashed, &c.Houses disinfected after infectious disease.Reconstructed, Repaired, Cleansed, &c.Ventilated, Trapped, &c.Repaired.Supplied with Water.Soil-pipes ventilated.New provided.Repaired, Covered, &c.Cisterns erected.Cisterns Cleansed, Repaired, Covered, &c.Waste-pipes connected with Drains, &c., abolished.No. of Lodging Houses newly Registered under 94th Section of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891.†Yards and Areas paved and drained.Animals removed, being improperly kept.Bakehouses, No. of.Bakehouses, No. of Inspections of.Dairies, Milkshops, No of.Dairies, Milkshops, No. of Inspections of.Mews, No. of Inspections of.Legal proceedings, i.e., Summonses.
  • Page 72
    TABLE VIII. Causes of Death at different periods of life in the Year 1909.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Totals— All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 5 years.Totals— Under Five Years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 35 years.35 and under 45 years.45 and under 55 years.55 and under 65 years.65 and under 75 years.75 and under 85 years.85 yearsand upwards.Totals— Above Five Years.
    TotalMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 73
    TABLE VIII.—continued.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Totals— All Ages.Under 1 year.1 andunder 5 years.Totals— Under Five Years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 35 years.35 and under 45 years.45 and under 55 years.55 and under 65 years.65 and under 75 years.75 and under 85 years.85 yearsand upwards.Totals— Above Five Years.
    TotalMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 74
    TABLE VIII.—continued.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Totals— All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 5 years.Totals— Under Five Years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under35 years.35 and under 45 years.45 and under 55 years.55 and under 65 years.65 and under 75 years.75 and under85 years.85 yearsand upwards.Totals— Above Five Years.
    TotalMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 75
    TABLE VIII.—continued.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Totals— All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 5 years.Totals— Under Five Years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 35 years.35 and under 45 years.45 and under 55 years.55 and under 65 years.65 and under 75 years.75 and under 85 years.85 yearsand upwards.Totals— Above Five Years
    TotalMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 76
    TABLE VIII.—continued.
    CAUSES OF DEATHTotals-All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 5 years.Totals— Under Five Years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under25 years.25 and under 35 years.35 and under 45 years.45 and under 55 years.55 and under 65 years.65 and under 75 years.75 and under 85 years.85 yearsand upwards.Totals— Above Five Years.
    TotalMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 77
    TABLE VIII.—continued.
  • Page 78
    TABLE VIII.—continued.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Totals-All Ages.Under 1 year.1 and under 5 years.Totals— Under Five Years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 35 years.35 and under 45 years.45 and under 55 years.55 and under 65 years.65 and under 75 years.75 and under 85 years.85 yearsand upwards.Totals— Above Five Years.
    TotalMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 79
    TABLE VIII.—continued.
    CAUSES OF DEATH.Totals— All Ages.Under 1 year.1 andunder 5 years.Totals— Under Five Years.5 and under 15 years.15 and under 25 years.25 and under 35 years.35 and under 45 years.45 and under 55 years.55 and under 65 years.65 and under 75 years.75 and under 85 years.85 yearsand upwards.Totals— Above Five Years.
    TotalMFMFMFMFTotalMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFTotal
  • Page 80
    TABLE IX. Births and Deaths in Kensington; Birth-rates and Death-rates 1856-1909; and Infantile Mortality 1871-1909 in Kensington and London; Arranged in Quinquennial Periods.
    Period.Numberof Births.Birth Rate per 1,000 living.Numberof Deaths.Death Rate per 1,000 living.Deaths under One Year.Deaths under One Year per 1,000 Births.
    Kensington.London.Kensington.London.Kensington.London.
  • Page 81
    TABLE X. Deaths from the Seven Principal Diseases of the Zymotic Class; and Zymotic Death-rate, in Kensington and London, 1871-1909: Arranged in Quinquennial Periods.
    Quinquennial Period.Deaths from the Seven Principal Zymotic Diseases.Zymotic Death-rate, per 1,000 persons living.
    Small-pox.Measles.Scarlet Fever.DiphtheriaWhooping-Cough.Typhus Fever.Enteric Fever.Pyrexia.Diarrhoea.Total.Kensington.London.
  • Page 81
    TABLE XI. Death-rate in Kensington, per 1,000 persons living, from each of the Seven Principal Diseases of the Zymotic Class; Arranged also, in two groups; viz. (1) The four notifiable infectious diseases—Small. pox, Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria, and "Fever"; and (2) The three non-notifiable diseases—Measles, Whooping-Cough, and Diarrhœa.
    Quinquennial Period.1234567Death-rate per 1,000 from—
    Small-pox.Measles.Scarlet Fever.Diphtheria.Whooping Cough." Fever."Diarrhœa.The Seven Diseases.The Four Notifiable Infectious Diseases. (Columns 1, 3, 4, and 6. )The three Non-notifiable Infectious Diseases (Columns 2, 5, and 7).
  • Page 82
    TABLE XII. Vaccination Officer's Return respecting the Vaccination of Children whose Births were Registered in 1908. (Vide page 61.)
    DATERegistration Sub-Districtscomprised inVaccination Officer's DistrictNumber ofBirthsreturned inBirth ListSheets.Number of these Births duly entered in Columns 1, 2, 4, and 5 of the Vaccination Register (Birth List Sheets), viz. :Number of these Births which are not entered in the Vaccination Register, on account,(as shown by Report Book) of
    Column II.Removed to other Districts, and notified to Vaccination Officers of the Districts.Removal to places unknown, or which cannot be reached, and cases not having been found.Total Number of Certificates of Successful Vaccinations received during each of the Calendar Years.
    Column I. Successfully Vaccinated.Insusceptible of Vaccination.Certificate ofConscientious Objection.Column V. Dead, Unvaccinated.Postponement by Medical Certificate.
    1908.1909.
    1908.12346789101213