Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London
Annual report of the Medical Officer of Health for the year ending December 31st, 1893
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Bye-laws under Section 39 (1).
With respect to waterclosets, earthclosets, privies,
ashpits, cesspools, and receptacles for dung,
and the proper accessories thereof in connection
with buildings, whether constructed
before or after the passing of this Act.
1. Every person who shall hereafter construct a watercloset
or earthcloset in connection with a building, shall construct such
watercloset or earthcloset in such a position that, in the case of a
watercloset, one of its sides at the least shall be an external wall,
and in the case of an earthcloset two of its sides at the least shall
be external walls, which external wall or walls shall abut
immediately upon the street, or upon a yard or garden or open
space of not less than one hundreed square feet of superficial
area, measured horizontally at a point below the level of the floor
of such closet. He shall not construct any such watercloset so
that it is approached directly from any room used for the purpose
of human habitation, or used for the manufacture, preparation
or storage of food for man, or used as a factory, workshop, or
workplace, nor shall he construct any earthcloset so that it can
be entered otherwise than from the external air.
He shall construct such watercloset so that on any side
on which it would abut on a room intended for human habitation,
or used for the manufacture, preparation, or storage of food for
man, or used as a factory, workshop, or workplace, it shall be
enclosed by a solid wall or partition of brick or other materials,
extending the entire height from the floor to the ceiling.
He shall provide any such watercloset that is approached
from the external air with a floor of hard smooth impervious
Water-closets
and earthclosets.