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to fence machinery is now extended to any death or bodily
injury or injury to health, springing directly from neglect on the
part of the occupier of a factory or workshop to observe any
provision of or special rules under the Acts.
Lastly, the limitation of the existing provisions for the
regulation of bakehouses to places of more than five thousand
inhabitants is removed; in "tenement" factories the owner instead
of the occupier is made liable for their sanitary condition,
fencing, lime-washing, &c.; the provisions of the Act of 1891
with reference to fire-escapes are extended by power being given
to a Court of summary jurisdiction to make orders for the provision
of moveable fire-escapes not involving structural alterations,
wherever, in its opinion, premises are not sufficiently
protected in this respect. The Court may also prohibit the use
of dangerous machines; home-work is prohibited in the case of
children, and young persons and women who have been employed
for the full number of hours in a factory or workshop are
not to undertake home-work or after-employment in a shop.
Under the head of new machinery fall certain provisions in
the Factory and Workshops Act, 1895, which go beyond a
mere amendment or extension of the machinery of the old law.
(1) Laundries carried on for trade and profit are brought within
the Acts for certain purposes. This provision does not, however,
apply to laundries (a) in prisons, reformatories, or industrial
schools; (b) in institutions conducted bona-fide for charitable
or religious purposes; (c) where the only persons employed
are members of the same family living there; or (d) in which
not more than two persons dwelling elsewhere are employed.
(2) Adequate measures are to be taken to secure the maintenance
of a reasonable temperature in each room in which any
person is to be employed. (3) The term "factory" is now—
for the purpose of the provisions as to notice and registration
of accidents, special rules for dangerous employments, orders as
to dangerous machines, and the powers of inspectors—made to