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Credit
Mitochondrial biogenesis. Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Source: Wellcome Collection.
The following summary appears with the cassette: "Mitochondria are unique subcellular organelles; they contain all the cyto-plasmic DNA, make messenger RNA and synthesize protein on mitoribosomes. These proteins are essential to the formation of cytochrome oxidase. Cells which lack cytochrome oxidase (anaerobic bacteria) are killed by exposure to oxygen whereas higher organisms (eukaryotes) cannot survive in its absence. Geological evidence indicates that the primitive earth was anaerobic and that the earliest life forms were also anaerobic. There is evidence that the eukaryotes may have evolved from a symbiotic relationship between a primitive anaerobe and a primitive aerobe. Drugs which block protein synthesis on mitochondria (e.g. chloramphenicol) also block synthesis of cytochrome oxidase and can be lethal to animals." 4 segments.