Ultrasound in tumour diagnosis.

Date:
1976
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Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

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Credit

Ultrasound in tumour diagnosis. Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Source: Wellcome Collection.

About this work

Description

This lecture looks at the use of ultrasound in the detection and diagnosis of tumours. Ultrasound technology was a fairly new technique at the time of filming and the promise of a method of locating and diagnosing tumours with minimal trauma to the patient had long been desired. The speakers here compare ultrasonography with older methods of tumour diagnosis as well as describing in full how the process of ultrasound works. 7 segments.

Publication/Creation

London : University of London Audio-Visual Centre, 1976.

Physical description

1 encoded moving image (33.41 min.) : sound, black and white.

Duration

00:33:41

Copyright note

University of London

Terms of use

Unrestricted
CC-BY-NC
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 2.0 UK: England & Wales

Language note

In English

Creator/production credits

Presented by Dr VR McCready, The Royal Marsden Hospital, with Dr DO Cosgrove and Dr D Nicholas. Produced by Michael Clarke. Made for British Postgraduate Medical Federation. Made by University of London Audio-Visual Centre.

Notes

This video is one of around 310 titles, originally broadcast on Channel 7 of the ILEA closed-circuit television network, given to Wellcome Trust from the University of London Audio-Visual Centre shortly after it closed in the late 1980s. Although some of these programmes might now seem rather out-dated, they probably represent the largest and most diversified body of medical video produced in any British university at this time, and give a comprehensive and fascinating view of the state of medical and surgical research and practice in the 1970s and 1980s, thus constituting a contemporary medical-historical archive of great interest. The lectures mostly take place in a small and intimate studio setting and are often face-to-face. The lecturers use a wide variety of resources to illustrate their points, including film clips, slides, graphs, animated diagrams, charts and tables as well as 3-dimensional models and display boards with movable pieces. Some of the lecturers are telegenic while some are clearly less comfortable about being recorded; all are experts in their field and show great enthusiasm to share both the latest research and the historical context of their specialist areas.

Contents

Segment 1 Dr McCready introduces the subject of the lecture, then shows tables and diagrams comparing three atraumatic methods of tumour diagnosis - radio isotope techniques, computerised axial tomography using x-rays and ultrasound. He describes the pros and cons of each of these methods. Time start: 00:00:00:00 Time end: 00:05:06:00 Length: 00:05:06:00
Segment 2 McCready demonstrates an ultrasound transducer. He describes, in detail, how it works to translate sound waves into images and refers to diagrams and readings to show how the waves perceive changes in tissue density. He highlights the difference between A- and B-mode presentations. A short film is shown in which a doctor performs an ultrasound scan of a man's skull - a useful technique for detecting head injuries. Finally, we are shown the difference between an ordinary and a grey scale reading of a liver via ultrasonography. Time start: 00:05:06:00 Time end: 00:11:08:00 Length: 00:06:02:00
Segment 3 A film is shown of an ultrasound scan taking place - preparation of the patient's abdomen with gel, the correct movement of the transducer and how the doctor reads the A-scan presentations. McCready then focuses on scanning the liver. He refers to various diagrams and scans and describes the process of scanning and gives advice on how to read the ultrasound pictures to make a correct diagnosis. Time start: 00:11:08:00 Time end: 00:15:41:00 Length: 00:04:33:00
Segment 4 McCready continues to discuss ultrasound scans of the liver, focusing on a case of liver neoplasms secondary to a primary breast cancer. He then shows ultrasound scans of other major organs, including the gallbladder, the kidneys and the abdomen. In each case he describes the sort of abnormality a doctor might look for and how he would read the ultrasound picture to find such abnormalities. McCready hands over to Dr David Cosgrove. Time start: 00:15:41:00 Time end: 00:19:43:00 Length: 00:04:02:00
Segment 5 Cosgrove presents the case study of a 53-year-old woman with jaundice; ultrasound was used for diagnosis. The case study in given in detail and Cosgrove points out how blood and urine tests were not enough to provide a diagnosis - he refers to a detailed diagram of the liver to illustrate his points. He describes the technique of trans-hepatic cholangiogram in which contrast dye is injected into the liver ducts, producing clearly defined x-ray pictures, which he shows. However, as this procedure involves puncturing the liver it is not without dangers to the patient meaning theatre staff have to be on call should a complication arise. Time start: 00:19:43:00 Time end: 00:25:28:00 Length: 00:05:45:00
Segment 6 Cosgrove continues with the same case study and shows how ultrasound scans led to a diagnosis of a pancreatic tumour. We see the series of scans and Cosgrove explains each one in detail. Following these studies a laparotomy was performed, confirming the diagnosis. Cosgrove is enthusiastic about the future advances of ultrasound as he feels it is still in its early state of development. He hands over to David Nicholas. Time start: 00:25:28:00 Time end: 00:28:44:00 Length: 00:02:56:00
Segment 6 Nicholas describes what is known about how ultrasonic sound waves function. He shows an animated diagram of the diffraction pattern of ultrasound waves and a film of laboratory work analysing ultrasound echoes from liver tissue. We see graphs comparing diffraction patterns of different organ tissues and a short film demonstrating a hybrid ultrasonic scanner which permits the investigation of specific tissue volumes from varying directions. Nicholas hands back to McCready who sums up the presentation with a look at the future of ultrasound - "who knows? one day we might even make ourselves redundant!" Time start: 00:28:44:00 Time end: 00:33:41:16 Length: 00:04:57:16

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