Segment 1 Opening credits. Laminar blood flow is demonstrated by dye injected into a tributary vein, showing the path of blood through the vein network. A shot of an open chest shows a heart beating slowly and the movmentes of the veins. Streamlines of the laminar flow are demonstrated in a glass model showing different velocities. The voice-over commentary explains the Reynolds Number and the definition of turbulent flow; animated diagrams are employed to illustrate the theory. The vena cava of the rabbit, unlikely to become turbulent, is compared with that of the human and the human is found to be borderline turbulent. Time start: 00:00:00:00 Time end: 00:04:33:19 Length: 00:04:33:19
Segment 2 An intertitle reads: 'disturbed flow'. Flow is demonstrated in the inferior vena cava of a rabbit by injecting dye into the femoral vein. Veins close to the chest have a more disturbed flow due to the movement of respiratory organs while superior vena cava flow is laminar. A close-up shot of the mesenteric veins is seen, showing laminar streams. In the portal vein respiration has an effect making the flow slightly more turbulent. Dye in the streams is seen distributed through the liver. Time start: 00:04:33:19 Time end: 00:09:36:24 Length: 00:05:03:05