London's Pulse: Medical Officer of Health reports 1848-1972

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Hints from the Health Department. Leaflet from the archive of the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Credit: Wellcome Collection, London

London County Council 1900

[Report of the Medical Officer of Health for London County Council]

Published
1901
Pages
388
Tables
270

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270 tables in this report

  • Page -
    Estimated population—Administrative County of London.
    Year.Estimate based on enumerations of 1896 and 1901.Estimate based on enumerations of 1891 and 1896.
  • Page -
    The enumerated population of the administrative county in each census year and the inter-censal rate of increase are shown in the following table—
    Year.Enumerated population.Intercensal rate of increase per cent.
  • Page -
    London—Proportion of population at different ages in 1861, 1871, 1881 and 1891. (All ages taken as 10,000.) Males.
    Age period.0-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85 and upwards.
  • Page 2
    Females.
  • Page 2
    Persons.
  • Page 2
    Increase or decrease of population 1891-1901, compared with excess of births over deaths in each sanitary district of the administrative county during the ten years 1891-1900.
    Sanitary district.Population.In the ten years 1891-1900Excess of registered births over deaths, 1891-1900.Increase or decrease of population between 1891 and 1901.
    1891.1901.Births.Deaths.Increase.Decrease.
  • Page 3
    The population of each of the 43 sanitary districts of London (as constituted prior to the London Government Act of 1899), estimated to the middle of the year 1900, is shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Estimated population, 1900.Sanitary district.Estimated population, 1900.Sanitary district.Estimated population 1900.
  • Page 3
    The marriage rate in successive periods has been as follows—
  • Page 4
    The birth rate in successive periods has been as follows—
  • Page 4
    The corresponding figures for England and Wales are as follows—
  • Page 4
    The following table shows the birth rate in each district in 1900 per 1,000 persons living at all ages and per 100 females aged 15-45 years.
    Sanitary district.Births.Birth rate per 1,000 living.Births per 100 females aged 15-45.
  • Page 5
    All causes—Death rates per 1,000 living.
  • Page 5
    The columns showing "death rates corrected for age and sex distribution have been obtained by multiplying the "crude death rates" by the "factor for correction" published by the Registrar-General in the annual summary for 1900.
    Towns.Estimated population middle of 1900.Crude death rate per 1,000 living.Death rate per 1,000 living (corrected for age and sex distribution).
    1890-9.1900.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 5
    All causes—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 6
    Crude and corrected death rates1 per 1,000 pertons living in sanitary districts of London.
    Sanitary area.Standard death rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death rate, 1890-9.Corrected death rate, 1890-9.Comparative mortality figure, 1890-9. (London 1,000.)Crude death rate, 1900.Corrected death rate, 1900.Comparative mortality figure, 1900. (London 1,000.)
  • Page 6
    The death rates of Stoke Newington and Hackney cannot be given for the period 1890-9, as during some portion of this period Stoke Newington was combined with Hackney; the death rates of the combined area for this period, however, are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary area.Standard death rate.Factor for correction for age and sex distribution.Crude death rate, 1890-9.Corrected death rate, 1890-9.Comparative mortality figure, 1890-9. [London 1,000.]
  • Page 7
    The following table shows the number of deaths1 occurring at several ages in each of the sanitary districts of the administrative county during the year 1900 (365 days)—
    Age-period.0-1-2-3-4-Under 5.5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85-All ages.
  • Page 7
    The following table shows the mean death rates obtaining in London at the several age-periods and for each sex in the decennia 1881-90 and 1891-1900—
    Age period.Males.Females.
    Mean death rate 1881-90.Mean death rate 1891-1909.Differences per cent.Mean death rate 1881-90.Mean death rate 1891-1900.Differences per cent.
  • Page 8
    Table I. Mean future lifetime of males and females in groups of ages (calculated from London life tables, 1881-90).
    Age groups.Males.Females.Age groups.Males.Females.
    Years.Years.Years.Years.
  • Page 8
    Table II.
    Age groups.Deaths calculated according to mean rates of 1881-90.Mean deaths occurring in the decennium 1891-1900.Mean annual gain (+) or loss (-) of lives in the decennium 1891-1900 by fluctuations of mortality.Mean annual gain ( + ) or loss (-) of " life capital" in the decennium 1891-1900 by fluctuations of mortality.
  • Page 10
    Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
    Towns.1890-99.1900.Towns.1890-99.1900.
  • Page 10
    The following table shows the infant mortality in 1890-99 and in 1900 in each of the London sanitary districts—
    Sanitary district.Deaths under one year of age.Deaths under one year of age per 1,000 births.
    1830-9.1900.
  • Page 11
    Deaths from the several classes of disease registered in the Registration County of London (including the lunatic asylums and hospitals for infectious disease belonging to the county) are given by the Registrar-General in the Annual Summary of Births, Deaths and Causes of Death, and the following table has been prepared from the figures contained in the summary relating to the year 1900—
    Causes of death.Corrected annual average 1890-9.1900.
  • Page 11
    The following table gives more detailed information concerning the principal diseases included in the constitutional, nervous, and respiratory groups—
    Causes of death.Corrected annual average 1890-9.1900.
  • Page 13
    Principal zymotic diseases—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 13
    Six principal zymotic diseases—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 13
    The death rates from the principal zymotic diseases in the several sanitary districts of London in 1900 and the period 1890-9 are shewn in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths in 1900.Death rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1900.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1890-9.1900.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 14
    The death rates from smallpox in successive periods have been as follows—
    Period.Smallpox death rate per 1,000 living.Period.Smallpox death rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 14
    During the complete years in which the notification of infectious diseases has been obligatory, the number of cases of smallpox notified to the medical officers of health in the various sanitary districts comprised in the administrative county has been as follows—
    Year.Cases notified.Case rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 14
    Smallpox death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 14
    Small-pox death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 17
    Small-pox deaths, London, 1881-1900.
    Age-period.All ages.0-11-55-2020-4040-6060-8080 and upwards.
  • Page 17
    " All ages" taken as 100.
    Age-period.All ages.0-11-55-2020-4040-6060-8080 and upwards.
    Vaccinated1001.72.617.857.017.73.00.2
    Unvaccinated10016.623.933.020.45.20.90.0
    No statement10012.811.923.834.913.13.30.2
    " Vaccinated " and " no statement " combined.
    "Vaccinated" and "No statement"1008.38121.443.815.03.20.2
    Unvaccinated10016.623.933.020.45.20.9o.o
  • Page 17
    London vaccination returns.
    Year.Children not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) per cent. of total births.Year.Children not finally accounted for (including cases postponed) percent. of total births.
    18728.818867.8
    18738.718879.0
    18748.8188810.3
    18759.3188911.6
    18766.5189013.9
    18777.1189116.4
    18787.1189218.4
    18797.8189318.2
    18807.0189420.6
    18815.7189524.9
    18826.6189626.4
    18836.5189729.1
    18846.8189833.0
    18857.0
  • Page 18
    Measles—Death rates per 1,000 living.
  • Page 18
    Measles—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 18
    Measles—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 19
    The death-rates in each sanitary district of London in the period 1890-99 and in the year 1900 (52 weeks) are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Deaths in 1900.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths in 1900.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
    1890-9.1900.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 19
    The following table shows the number of deaths1 from measles at several age periods in each of the sanitary districts of the administrative county. For the purposes of this table deaths occurring in public institutions belonging to London have been distributed to the sanitary areas in which the deceased had previously resided—
    Age period.0—1 —2—3—4—under 55—10—15 and wards.All ages.
  • Page 22
    The London rate's in 1900 and preceding periods are shown in the following table— Scarlet fever.
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Case-mortality per cent.
  • Page 22
    Scarlet fever—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
    London0.2020.082Bristol0.130.12
    Manchester0.280.19Nottingham0.200.22
    Liverpool0.400.17Bradford0.250.25
    Birmingham0.200.19Hull0.170.16
    Leeds0.180.12Salford0.370.45
    Sheffield0.280.17West Ham0.180.05
  • Page 22
    Scarlet fever—Death rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 23
    The case-rate of each district in 1891-9 and in 1900 and the death-rate of each district in 1890-9 and in 1900 are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1900.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Deaths, 1900.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-9.1900.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 24
    Scarlet fever—Notified cases, 1900.
    Period.Notified cases—Ages.Increase or decrease per cent.
    0-33-1313 and upwards.0-33-1313 and upwards.
  • Page 25
    Scarlet fever,* 1900.
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases.Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 25
    The diphtheria case rates and death rates in 1900 and preceding periods are shown in the following table—
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Case-mortality per cent.
  • Page 25
    Diphtheria—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 26
    Diphtheria—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 26
    The case-rate of each district in 1891-9 and in 1900, and the death-rate in the period 1890-9 and in 1900 are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1900.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Deaths, 1900.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-9.1900.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 27
    (A) Diphtheria—Case-rates per 10,000 living and comparative case-rates (London rate taken as 100) in sanitary districts in each of the years 1891-1900.
    Sanitary district.Case-rates per 10,000 living.Comparative case-rates (London case-rates taken as 100).
    1891.1892.1893.1891.1895.1896.1897.1898.1899.1900.1891.1892.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.1899.1900.
  • Page 28
    (B.) Diphtheria—Comparative death-rates1 (London death rate taken as 100) in sanitary districts, 1887-1900.
    Sanitary district.Year
    1887.1888.1889.1890.1891.1892.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.1899.1900.
  • Page 29
    children attending that school, the following being the cases notified subsequent to the reopening of the school on August 27th, after the summer holidays—
    Child.Department.Date of notification.Last attendance.
  • Page 31
    Diphtheria—Notified cases, 1900.
    Period.Notified cases—Ages.Increase or decrease per cent.
    0—3.3—13.13 and upwards.0—3.3—13.13 and upwards.
  • Page 32
    Diphtheria—Cases occurring at ages 3 — 13 per cent. of total notified cases.
    Sanitary district.1896.1897.1898.1899.1900.Sanitary district.1896.1897.1898.1899.1900.
  • Page 33
    Diphtheria* , 1900.
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
    Cases,Deaths.Cases.Deaths.
  • Page 33
    Whooping cough.
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 33
    Whooping cough—Death-rales per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-9.1900.Towns.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 36
    Continued from previous page...
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1900.Case rate per 1,000 living.Deaths, 1900.Death rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-9.1900.1890-9.1900.
  • Page 37
    Enteric fever*, 1900.
    Age-period.Males.Females.
    Caaes.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.Cases.Deaths.Case mortality per cent.Rates per 100,000 living.
  • Page 38
    Diarrhæa—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Period.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 38
    The age distribution of the deaths2 from this disease in the Registration County of London in the year 1900 was as follows—
    Under 1 year.1-5.5-20.20-40.40-60.60-80.80 and upwards.
  • Page 38
    Diarrhæa—Death-rates per 1,000 living.
    Towns.1890-99.1900.Towns.1890-99.1900.
  • Page 39
    Continued from previous page...
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1900.Death-rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1900.Death-rate per 1,000 living.
    1890—9.1900.1890—9.1900.
  • Page 40
    The number of cases notified and the number of deaths registered in the Registration County of London since 1890 have been as follows— Erysipelas.
    Year.Cases.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Deaths.1Death-rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 40
    The number of cases notified and the case-rate of the year 1900, together with the mean case-rate of the period 1891-9 for each sanitary district of the Administrative County of London are shown in the following table—
    Sanitary district.Cases, 1900.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Cases, 1900.Case-rate per 1,000 living.
    1891-99.1900.1891-99.1900.
  • Page 40
    Puerperal fever.
    Year.Cases.Deaths.1
  • Page 41
    If these cases and deaths are considered in relation to the total population and total births, the following rates are obtained—
    Year.Case-rate per 1,000 living.Case-rate per 1,000 births.Death-rate1per 1,000 living.Death-rate1 per 1,000 births.
  • Page 41
    The deaths from these diseases in the Registration County of London since 1889 have been as follows—
    Year.Influenza.Bronchitis.Pneumonia.
    Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.Deaths.1Corrected annual average for preceding ten years.
  • Page 41
    Influenza—Deaths1 registered in London in four-weekly periods, 1890-99.
    Number of weeks.1890.1891.1892.1893.1894.1895.1896.1897.1898.1899.1900.
  • Page 42
    The death rates of this disease per 1,000 living in the Registration County of London in successive periods have been as follows— Phthisis.
    1851-602.86118941.741
  • Page 42
    The death rates (2) in the several groups of districts since 1893 have been as follows—
  • Page 42
    The following table shows the number of deaths and the death rate per 1,000 living in 1900 (52 weeks) in the several sanitary districts of London—
    Sanitary district.Deaths, 1900.Rate per 1,000 living.Sanitary district.Deaths, 1899.Rate per 1,000 living.
  • Page 44
    Cancer.
    Sanitary district.0-5-10-15-20-25-35-45-55-65-75-85 & up.All ages.
  • Page 46
    Metropolitan boroughs, 1891-1900— Case-rates per 100,000 living.
    Metropolitan boroughs.Enumerated population, 1901 (preliminary census)).Smallpox.Scarlet fever.Diphtheria.Typhus.Enteric fever.Other continued fevers.)Cholera.Erysipelas.Puerperal fever.
  • Page 47
    The temperature and rainfall in each month of 1900 are shown in the following table—
    Month.Temperature of the air.Departure from average of 129 years, 1771-1899.Rain.
    Highest by day.Lowest by night.Mean for month.Number of days it fell.Amount collected.
  • Page 48
    The following table shows the conditions found in cows there examined—
    Number of cows examined.Number of cows found free from defects of udder.Clinically affected with tubercular disease of the uddei.Suspected casts of tubercular disease of the udder.Subjects of acute mastitis.Affected with chronic induration of udder.Giving evidence of atrophy of one or more quarters.Injuries, abscesses, simple eruptions, strictures and obliterations of milk ducts.Hypertro-phied udders without induration.Giving milk of poor quality (dried-off cows).Recovered or removed from premises.Total number affected with disease or defects of the udder.
  • Page 49
    The number of applications for licences to slaughterhouses during the ten years ending 1900 is shown in the following table—
    Year.No. of applications received.No. of licences granted.
  • Page 61
    Proceedings in respect of houses represented as unfit for human habitation. The following tabular statement shows the procedure of district authorities as to houses represented as unfit for human habitation and concerning which the Council has received copies of representations from the 1st January to the 31st December, 1900-~
    Local Authority.Total number of houses concerning which the Council has received information that representations have been made from the 1 1 00 to the 31/12/00.Number of houses closed, demolished or improved by owners without Magisterial intervention.Number of houses for whi^h closing orders were granted.Number of houses for which closing orders were refused.Number of houses outstanding or concerning which proceedings are in progress.
    Closed.Demolished.Improved.Total.Subsequently demolished.Subsequently improved.No further action.Total.
  • Page 64
    Common lodgina-houses.
    Sanitary district.Number of common lodging-houses.Authorised number of lodgers.Number of houses registered in 1900.
  • Page 70
    The capacity of subsidence reservoirs belonging to the several companies and the monthly average of filtration are shown in the following table—
    Names of Companies.Capacity of subsidence reservoirs. No. of days' supply.Monthly rate of filtration per square foot per hour.
    tean monthly averages.Maximum monthly averages.
  • Page 71
    The following table shows the estimate of population on the 6th April, 1900, anc amount of excess of contribution over grant, or of grant over contribution in respect of district for the year ended 31st March, 1901.
    Sanitary District.Estimated population, 6th April, 1900.Equalisation charge, being excess of contribution over grant.Net grant, being excess ot' grant over contribution.
    £s.d.£s.d.
  • Page 72
    The following table shows the month in which the annual reports of the medical officers of health of London sanitary districts, relating to the year 1900, were received by the Council—•
    February, 1901 1July, 1901 7
  • Page 73
    Medical Officers of Health of London Sanitary Districts in 1900.
    Sanitary district.Medical officers of health.
  • Page 73
    Sanitary districts mentioned in Schedule C of the Metropolis Local Management Act, 1855.
    St. Peter, Westminster (Close of the Collegiate Church)J. Norton, M.D.
  • Page -
    Cases of Enteric Fever belonging to three areas and beginning on successive days from August 16th to October 10th, 1900.
    Date of onset of symptoms.Southwark.Lambeth.Kensal-town.
    Cases§ probably not associated with special outbreak.Secondary cases.Cases constituting "special outbreak."Cases§ probably not associated with special outbreak.Secondary cases.Cases constituting "special outbreak."Cases§ probably not associated with special outbreak.Secondary cases.Cases constituting "special outbreak."
  • Page -
    The following results were obtained in the areas in which house to house inquiry was made—
    Number of families.Wet fish.Shell fish.Shrimps.Fried fish.Dry fish.
    From X.From other sources.None.From X.From other sources.None.From X.From other sources.None.From X.From other sources.None.From X.From other sources.None.
  • Page -
    (The cases which may be regarded as constituting the special outbreak are those numbered 6 to 110, excluding those which are placed in the first two columns of the table facing page 8.)
    No.Date cf unset of illness.Dale of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-crcam.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date o notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fiah, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Mi!k supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sox and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Lambeth. (The cases which may be regarded as constituting the special outbreak are those numbered 3 to 45a, excluding 18, 39, 43 and 44.)
    No.Date of onset of illnessDate of notification.Sex and age.Milk supplyIce-cream.As to consumption of fried fish.As to consumption of other kinds of fish and shell-fish.Remarks.
  • Page -
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fried fish.As to consumption of other kinds of fish and shell-fish.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illnessDate of notification.Sex and age.Milk supplyIce-cream.As to consumption of fried fish.As to consumption of other kinds of fish and shell-fish.Remarks.
  • Page -
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex andMilk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fried fish.As to consumption of other kinds of fish and shell-fish.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Kensal-town.
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Source from which milk was supplied*As to consumption of fried fish.As to purchase of shell fish and fish other than fried fish.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Source from which milk was supplied.As to consumption of fried fish.As to purchase of shell fish and fish other than fried fish.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of outset of illness.Date of modification.Sex and age.Source from which milk was supplied.As to consumption of fried fish.As to purchase of shell fish and fish other than fried fish.Remarks.
  • Page -
    The following table indicates the various uses to which these tanks have been put during the whole of the bacteria-bed experiments—
    Date.Upper tanks.1Lower tanks*
    No. 1.No. 2.No. 1.No. 2.
  • Page -
    During the period when the beds were filledDuring the period of the whole experiment.
    once per day.twice per day.
  • Page -
    The average percentage purification effected, as measured by the relative amounts of oxygen absorbed from permanganate by the dissolved putrescible matter in the crude sewage and in the final effluents, is set forth in the following table—
    During the period when the beds received
    three fillings per week. About two months.six fillings per week. About three months.twelve fillings per week. About five months.
  • Page -
    The average results of these estimations are given in the following table—
    After the bed had remained empty for an average period of 5 hours.After the bed had remained empty for an average period of 21 hours.Composition of fresh air.
  • Page -
    The amount of ntirification effected by the beds is indicated in the following table—
    Average quantity of oxidised nitrogen present in the sewage and in the effluents from the beds.
    During the period July 4th, 1899, to December 30th, 1899.During the period January 1st, 1900, to May 19th, 1900.During the whole period July 4th, 1899, to May 19th, 1900.
    Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.
  • Page -
    The following table sets forth the figures representing such results.
  • Page -
    The history of the three tanks which have been used throughout the experiments in the treatment of London sewage in coke-beds and in settling tanks at the Southern Outfall Works, is set forth in the following table—
    Tank A. 22 ft. 6 in. by 10 ft. 8 in., 13 ft. deep.Tank B. 22 ft. 6 in. by 10 ft. 8 in., 13 ft. deep.Tank C. 22 ft. 6 in. by 11 ft. 9 in. (average), 6 ft. deep.
  • Page -
    While these experiments were in progress frequent analyses were made of the air in the interstices of the empty coke-bed at depths of 6 feet and 13 feet; the following results were obtained—
    Six-foot depth.Thirteen-foot depth.
  • Page -
    The following figures indicate the results obtained—
    Date.Capacity as indicated by meter.Capacity as indicated by standard measure.Particulars as to the condition of the coke.
  • Page -
    IV.—TABULATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CRUDE SEWAGE, OF THE "CHEMICAL" EFFLUENT, AND OF THE VARIOUS COKE- BED EFFLUENTS.
    Date.Average daily crude sewage.Effluent from the chemically treated and sedimented sewage as supplied to the coke-bed ("chemical" effluent).Effluent from the coke-bed.
    Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 hours at 80° F.Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 hours at 80° F.Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 hours at 80° F.Quantity of effluent from the chemically treated and sedimented sewage which was passed on to the coke-bed per month. Gallons.Number of times the coke-bed was filled per month.Average quantity of effluent which was passed on to the bed each time of filling.
    By the crude liquid. (Total putrescible matter.)By the clear liquid. (Dissolved putrescible matter.)By the crude liquid. (Total putrescible matter.)By the clear liquid. (Dissolved putrescible matter.)Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.By the crude liquid. (Total putrescible matter.)By the clear liquid. (Dissolved putrescible matter.)Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.
  • Page -
    Table II.—Averages of the Figures relating to the Treatment of Crude Sewage in Double Coke-beds at the Northern Outfall Works. (Series II.) All quantities, except where otherwise stated, are expressed in parts per 100,000.
    Date.Solids in suspension.Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 hours at 80° Fah.Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.
    By crude liquid. (Total putrescible matter.)Byclearliquid. (Dissolved putrescible matter.)
  • Page -
    Table II.—( continued).
    Date.Solids in suspension.Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 hours at 80° Fah.Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.
    By crude liquid. (Total putrescible matter.)Byclearliquid. (Dissolved putrescible matter.)
  • Page -
    Table III.—Treatment of Crude Sewage in a Settling-tank and in a Coarse and in a Fine Coke-bed at the Northern Outfall Works. Record of the Number of Times the Cokebeds were Filled per Day and of the Capacity of the Beds. (Series III.)
    Date.Number of fillings each day ofCapacity ofDate.Number of fillings each day ofCapacity of
    Bed A (coarse).Bed b (fine).Bed a (coarse).Bed B (fine).
    Bed A.Bed B.Bed A.Bed B.
  • Page -
    Table IV.—Averages of the Figure relating to the rapid Sedimentation and subsequent Bacterial Treatment of Crude Sewage in a Coarse Coke-bed at the Northern Outfall Works. (Series III.) All quantities, except where otherwise stated, are expressed in parts per 100,000.
    Date.Solids in suspension.Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 hours at 80° F.Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.
    By crude liquid. (Total putrescible matter.)By clear liquid. (Dissolved putrescible matter.)
  • Page -
    Table V.—Averages ok the Figures relating to the rapid Sedimentation and subsequent Bacterial Treatment of Crude Sewage in a Fine Coke-bed at the Northern Outfall "Works. (Series III.) All quantities, except where otherwise stated, are expressed in parts per 100,000.
    Date.Solids in suspension.Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 hours at 80° Fahr.Nitrous Nitrogen.Nitric Nitrogen.
    By crude liquid. (Total putrescible matter.)By clear liquid. (Dissolved putrescible matter.)
  • Page -
    II.—CROSSNESS RESULTS.
    Date.Oxygen absorbed from ermanganate in 4 hours at 80" Fah.Nitious nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 h mrs at 80° Fah.Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.
    By thecrndi liquid. (Total putrefcible matter.)By the clear liquid. (Dissolved putrc-scible matter.)By the crude liquid. (Total putreBcible matter.)By the clear liquid. (Dissolved putrescible matter.)
  • Page -
    Table VII.— Treatment of Crude Sewage in a Settling-tank and in Coke-beds at the Southern Outfall Works. Record of the Number of Times the Coke-beds were Filled per Day, and of the Capacity of the Beds. (Series III.)
    Date.Number of fillings per day.Capacity of beds.Date.Number of fillings per day.Capacity of beds.
    Bed No. 1.Bed No. 2.Bed No. 1.Bed No. 2.Bed No. 1.Bed No. 2.Bed No. 1.Bed No. 2.
    Gallons.Percentage of empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of empty tank.
  • Page -
    Table VIII.— Averages of the figures relating to the rapid Sedimentation of Crude Sewage at the Southern Outfall Works. (Series III.) All quantities, except where otherwise stated, are expressed in parts per 100,000.
    Date.Solids in suspension.Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 hours at 80° Fahr.Nitrous nitrogenNitric nitrogen.Solids in suspension.Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 hours at 80° Fahr.Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.
    By the crude sewage. (Total putreacible matter.)By the clear sewage. (Diesolved putrescible matter.)By the crude liquid. (Total putrescible matter.)By the clear liquid. (Dissolved putrescible matter.)
  • Page -
    Table IX.— Averages of the Figures relating to the Treatment of rapidly Sedimented Sewage in Coke-beds at the Southern Outfall Works. (Series III.) All quantities, except where otherwise stated, are expressed in parts per 100,000.
    Date.Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 hours at 80o Fahr.Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.Oxygen absorbed from permanganate in 4 hours at 80° Fahr.Nitrous nitrogen.Nitric nitrogen.
    By the crude liquid. (Total putrescible matter.)By the clear liquid. (Dssol ved putrescible matter.)By the crude liquid. (Total putrescible matter.)By the clear liquid. (Dissolved putrescible matter.)
  • Page -
    Table X.— Particulars as to the Disappearance of Sludge in the Settling-tank at the Southern Outfall Works. (Series III.)
    During the period from November 1st, 1900, to March 28th, 1901.During the period from March 29th, 1901,to October 5th, 1901.During the whole period from November 1st, 1900, to October 5th, 1901.
    1234
  • Page -
    Table XI.— Results of the Incubation at 80° F. of Settled Sewage, of " Chemical " Effluent, and of Coke-bed Effluent at the Southern Outfall Works. (Series III.) All quantities, except where otherwise stated, are expressed in parts per 100,000.
  • Page -
    Table XIII.— Average percentage purification of the Crude Sewage effected by the Various Methods of Experimental Bacterial Treatment and by the "Chemical Treatment" carried out at the Outfall Works. The amount of purification effected is calculated from the figures representing the amount of oxygen absorbed from permanganate by the crude sewage and by the final effluent from each treatment.
    One filling of the bed per day or less.Two fillings of the bed per day.Three fillings of the bed per day.Four fillings of the bed per day.During the whole experiment.
    By the crude liquid.By the clear liquid.By the crude liquid.By the clear liquid.By the crude liquid.By the clear liquid.By the crude liquid.By the clear liquid.By the crude liquid.By the clear liquid.
  • Page -
    Table 1. Particulars of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Nature of installation. P.—Permanent, T.—Temporary.Number of beds.Distinctive number or name of each bed.Average or working area of the beds. Square feet.Measurement of the beds.Depth of the beds. Feet.Material and size of the material of which the beds are composed.Thickness of each layer of material, arranged in their order in the beds, from the top downwards.Method of under-draining the beds.Actual or estimated cost of making the beds.Actual or estimated cost per acre of making the beds.Cost of treating sewage per million gallons.
    At top. Feet.At bottom. Feet.
  • Page -
    Table 2. Particulars as to the working of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Time during which the beds were in use.Name or number of the bed used.Character of the liquid supplied to the beds.Particulars of the settling and of the detritus tanks.Chemicals used for treating the sewage previous to bacterial treatment.Number of hoursAverage percentage purification effected on the crude sewage, as measured by the relative quantities of
    Occupied in fillings the beds.During which the beds remained full (contact period).Occupied in emptying the beds.During which the beds remained empty (aeration period).Number of filings per 24 hour?.Number of contacts in successive beds.Quantity of sewage treated in 24 hours, per acre of bed, one foot deep. Calculated for the purpose of comparisonOxygen absorbed by the crude sewage and by the final bacteria bed effluent.Albuminoid ammonia present in the crude sewage and in the final bacteria bed effluent.
    Capacity.Length.Bate of flow of sewage through the tanks.Name of chemical.Grains per gallon of sewage.
    Average percentage purification.Number of hours occupied in absorption.Temperature at which absorption took place ???.
    Gallons.Feet.Gallons per day.Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 3. Particulars as to the Capacity of the Bacteria Beds and as to the loss of Capacity during working.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of bed.Capacity, when empty, of the tank containing the bed.Original water capacity of the bed in the tank.Water capacity ef the bed after use.Number of hours occupied in draining the bed.Number of days during which the bed had been resting previous to the measurement being made.Loss of capacity.Length of time during which the bed was in use.Number of fillings during the time.
    Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of original water capacity of the bed.
    Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 4. Particulars of the Septic Tanks (if used).
    No.Name of town or district.Number of tanks.Distinctive name or number of each tank.Whether the tanks are open or closed.Dimensions of the tanks.
    Area.Depth.Capacity of the tanks.
    Feet.Feet.Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 5. Particulars as to the working of the Septic Tanks.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of tank.Dates between which the tank was in use.Length of time during which the tank was used.Rate of flow of sewage through the tank.Quantity of sewage passed into the tank.Quantity of sludge left in the tank.Percentage of moisture in the eludge left in the tank.Percentage reduction in the amount of sludge effected by septic action.
    Weeks.Gallons per day.Gallons.Tons.
  • Page -
    No.Name of town or district.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Table 1. Particulars of the bacteria beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Nature of installation.Number of beds.Distinctive number or name of each bed.Average or working area of the beds.Measurement of the beds.Depth of the beds.Material and size of the material of which the beds are composed.Thickness of each layer of material, arranged in their order in the beds, from the top downwards.Method of under-draining the beds.Actual or estimated cost of making the beds.Actual or estimated cost per acre of making the beds.Cost of treating sewage per million gallons.
    At top.At bottom.
    P.—Permanent. T.—Temporary.
    Square feet.Feet.Feet.Feet.
  • Page -
    Table 2. P articulars as to the working of the B acteria B eds.
  • Page -
    Table 3. Particulars as to the Capacity of the Bacteria Beds and as to the loss of Capacity during working.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of bed.Capacity, when empty, of the tank containing the bed.Original water capacity of the bed in the tank.Water capacity of the bed after use.Number of hours occupied in draining the bed.Number of days during which the bed had been resting previous to the measurement being made.Loss of capacity.Length of time during which the bed was in use.Number of fillings during the time.
    Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of original water capacity of the bed.
    Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 4. Particulars of the Septic Tanks (if used).
    No.Name of town or district.Number of tanks.Distinctive name or number of each tank.Whether the tanks are open or closed.Dimensions of the tanks.Capacity of the tanks.
    Area.Depth.
    Feet.Feet.Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 5. Particulars as to the working of the Septic Tanks.
    no.Name of town or district.Name or number of tank.Dates between which the tank was in use.Length of time during which the tank was used.Rate of flow of sewage through the tank.Quantity of sewage passed into the tank.Quantity of sludge left in the tank.Percentage of moisture in the sludge left in the tank.Percentage reduction in the amount of sludge effected by septic action.
    Weeks.Gallons per day.Gallons.Tons.
  • Page -
    Table 2. Particulars as to the working of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Time during which the beds were in use.Name or number of the bed used.Character of the liquid supplied to the beds.Particulars of the settling and of the detritus tanks.Chemicals used for treating the sewage previous to bacterial treatment.Number of hoursNumber of fillings per 24 hours.Number of contacts in successive beds.Quantity of sewage treated in 24 hours, per acre of bed, one foot deep. Calculated for the purpose of comparison.Average percentage purification effected on the crude sewage, as measured by the relative quantities of
    Occupied in filling the bedsDuring which the beds remained full (contact period).Occupied in emptying the beds.During which the beds remained empty (aeration period).Oxygen absorbed by the crude sewage and by the final bacteria bed effluent.Albuminoid ammonia present in the crude sewage and in the final bacteria bed effluent.
    Capacity.Length.Bate of flow of sewage through the tanks.
    Name of chemical.Grains per gallon of sewage.
    Average percentage purificationNumber of hours occupied in absorptionTemperature at which absorption took place ???.
    Gallons.Feet.Gallons per day.Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 3. Particulars as to the Capacity of the Bacteria Beds and as to the loss of Capacity during working.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of bed.Capacity, when empty, of the tank containing the bed.Original water capacity of the bed in the tank.Water capacity of the bed after use.Number of hours occupied in draining the bed.Number of days during which the bed had been resting previous to the measurement being made.Loss of capacity.Length of time during which the bed was in use.Number of fillings during the time.
    Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.
    Gallons.Percentage of original water capacity of the bed.
    Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 4. Particulars of the Septic Tanks (if used).
    No.Name of town or district.Number of tanks.Distinctive name or number of each tank.Whether the tanks are open or closed.Dimensions of the tanks.
    Area.Depth.Capacity of the tanks.
    Feet.Feet.Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 5. Particulars as to the working of the Septic Tanks.
  • Page -
    No.Name of town or district.Remarks.
    11BurslemThe information respecting this centre has been obtained from particulars referring to a scheme in preparation, published by the Borough of Walsall.
    12BuryFrom the results obtained, the Corporation have decided to extend the works on similar lines.
    13Cambridge
    14Carlisle
    15CroydonAbout 450,000 gallons are dealt with daily. The effluent is passed over land once or twice by surface irrigation.
    16DarwenThe sludge from the precipitation tanks is allowed to flow into a large lagoon formed in the deep bed of coarse gravel on which the sewage works are situated. A great deal of liquefaction takes place in this bed, thus causing the disappearance of the greater part of the sludge. The beds were originally of coke, but owing to the diminution caused by the breaking down of the coke, hard vitrified clinker has been substituted.
    17EpsomThe information respecting this centre has been obtained from particulars published by the Borough of Walsall.
  • Page -
    Table 1. Particulars of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Nature of installation.Number of beds.Distinctive number or name of each bed.Average or working area of the beds. Square feet.Measurement of the beds.Depth of the beds. Feet.Material and size of the material of which the beds are composed.Thickness of each layer of material, arranged in their order in the beds, from the top downwards.Method of under-draining the beds.Actual or estimated cost of making the beds.Actual or estimated cost per acre of making the beds.Cost of treating sewage per million gallons.
    P.—Permanent. T.—Temporary.At top. Feet.At bottom. Feet.
  • Page -
    Table 2. Particulars as to the working of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Time during which the beds were in use.Name or number of the bed used.Character of the liquid supplied to the beds.Particulars of the settling and of the detritus tanks.Chemicals used foe treating the sewage previous to bacterial treatment.Number of hoursNumber of fillings per 24 hours.Number of contacts in successive beds.Quantity of sewage treated in 24 hours, per acre of bed, one foot deep. Calculated for the purpose of comparisonAverage percentage purification effected on the crude sewage, as measured by the relative quantities of
    Oxygen absorbed by the crude sewage and by the final bacteria bed effluent.Albuminoid ammonia present in the crude sewage and in the final bacteria bed effluent.
    Occupied in filling the beds.During which the beds remained full (contact period).Occupied in emptying the beds.During which the beds remained empty (aeration period).
    Capacity. Gallons.Length. Feet.Kate of flow of sewage through the tanks. Gallons per day.Name of chemical.Grains per gallon of sewage.
    Gallons.Average percentage purification.Number of hours occupied in absorption.Temperature at which absorption took place ° F.
  • Page -
    Table 3. Particulars as to the Capacity of the Bacteria Beds and as to the loss of Capacity during working.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of bed.Capacity, when empty, of the tank containing the bed.Original water capacity of the bed in the tank.Water capacity at the bed after use.Number of hours occupied in draining the bed.Number of days during which the bed had been resting previous to the measurement being made.Loss of capacity.Length of time during which the bed was in use.Number of fillings durimg the time.
    Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of original water capacity of the bed.
    Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 4. Particulars of the Septic Tanks (if used).
    No.Name of town or district.Number of tanks.Distinctive name or number of each tank.Whether the tanks are open or closed.Dimensions of the tanks.Capacity of the tanks. Gallons.
    Area. Feet.Depth. Feet.
  • Page -
    Table 5. Particulars as to the working of the Septic Tanks.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of tank.Dates between which the tank was in use.Length of time during which the tank was used.Rate of flow of sewage through the tank.Quantity of sewage passed into the tank.Quantity of sludge left in the tank.Percentage of moisture in the sludge left in the tank.Percentage reduction in the amount of sludge effected by septic action.
    Weeks.Gallons per day.Gallons.Tons.
  • Page -
    Table 1. Particulars of the Bacteria Beds.
    So.Name of town or district.Nature of installation.Number of beds.Distinctive number or name of each bed.Average or working area of the beds.Measurement of the beds.Depth of the beds.Material and size of the material of which the beds are composed.Thickness of each layer of material, arranged in their order in the beds, from the top downwards.Method of under-draining the beds.Actual or estimated cost of making the beds.Actual or estimated cost per acre of making the beds.Cost of treating sewage per million gallons.
    At top. Feet.At bottom. Feet.
    P.—Permanent. T.—Temporary.Square feet.Feet.
  • Page -
    Table 2. Particulars as to the working of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Time during which the beds were in use.Name or number of the bed used.Character of the liquid supplied to the beds.Particulars of the settling and of the detritus tanks.Chemicals used for treating the sewage previous to bacterial treatment.Number of hoursNumber of fillings per 24 hours.Number of contacts in successive beds.Quantity of sewage treated in 24 hours, per acre of bed, one foot deep. Calculated for the purpose of comparison Gallons.Average percentage purification effected on the crude sewage, as measured by the relative quantities of
    Oxygen absorbed by the crude sewage and by the final bacteria bed effluent.Albuminoid ammonia present in the crude sewage and in the final bacteria oed effluent.[/##]
    Capacity. Gallons.Length. Feet.Rate of flow of sewage through the tanks. Gallons per day.Name of chemical.Grains per gallon of sewage.Occupied in filling: the beds.During which the beds remained full (contact period).Occupied in emptying the beds.During which the beds remained empty (aeration period).
    Average percentage purification.Number of hours occupied in absorption.Temperature at which absorption took place °F.
    22Huddersfield10 Aug.,'98 to 23 Jan., '00...Sewage which had passed through a fine plate with inch perforations Effluent from coarse bedDetritus was settled in a trough and removed from time to time......l21...2...83,733664 (1st contact)8066
    22...794 (2nd contact)8080
    July,'98 to present timeSewage which had been chemically treated and sedimented1,250,000 6,000,000 (Total of 24 tank s)Lime Sulphate of iron3.5l2l...3...240,000784 (1st contact)8079
    2.932...884 (2nd contact)8087
    Aug.,'00 to presentSewage which had passed successively through a screen of 1 inch mesh, a small detritus tank and a septic tank Effluent from coarse bedSmall detritus tank used......l2½l...2 and 3170,000714 (1st contact)8071
    time............2 and 32...824 (2nd contact)8081
    23Hyde3 years ......Crude sewage which had passed through the septic tank75,0009075,000None...Continuous.........2,178,00085.74...90
    24Keighley18 months...Sewage which had passed through detritus and sedimentation tanks687103,840None...Varied......2126,000...
    25KetteringAbout 4 yearsSewage which has passed through precipitation tanksPrecipitation tanks are used, two of which are Dortmund tanks, each 25 feet in diameter and 40 feet deep to bottom of come. Capacity of each 80.000None...3 (varies)1 )2 to 3l (varies)2 or 3131,25050 4 80 35 ( Purification of tank effluent)
    35,97060
    35,70060
    35,70060
    34,86060
    34,27060
    49,59084
    49,59084
    49,12084
  • Page -
    Table 3. Particulars as to the Capacity of the Bacteria Beds and as to the loss of Capacity during working.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of bed.Capacity, when empty, of the tank containing the bed. Gallons.Original water capacity of the bed in the tank."Water capacity of the bed after use.Number of hours occupied in draining the bed.Number of days during which the bed had been resting previous to the measurement being made.Loss of capacity.Length of time during which the bed was in use.Number of fillings during the time.
    Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of original water capacity of the bed.
  • Page -
    Table 4. Particulars of the Septic Tanks (if used).
    No.Name of town or district.Number of tanks.Distinctive name or number of each tank."Whether the tanks are open or closed.Dimensions of the tanks.Capacity of the tanks. Gallons .
    Area. Feet.Depth. Feet.
  • Page -
    Table 5. Particulars as to the working of the Septic Tanks.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of tank.Dates between which the tank was in use.Length of time during which the tank was used. "Weeks.Rate of flow of sewage through the tank. Gallons per day.Quantity of sewage passed into the tank. Gallons.Quantity of sludge left in the tank. Tons.Percentage of moisture in the sludge left in the tank.Percentage reduction in the amount of sludge effected by septio action
  • Page -
    Table 1. • Particulars ok the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Nature of installation.Number of beds.Distinctive number or name of each bed.Average or working area of the beds.Measurement of the beds.Depth of the beds.Material and size of the material of which the beds are composed.Thickness of each layer of material, arranged in their order in the beds, from the top downwards.Method of under-draining the beds.Actual or estimated cost of making the beds.Actual or estimated cost per acre of making the beds.Cost of treating sewage per million gallons.
    At top. Feet.At bottom. Feet.
    P.—Permanent. T.—Temporary.Square feet.Feet.
  • Page -
    Table 2. Particulars as to the working ok the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Time during which the bed were in use.Name or number of the bed used.Character of the liquid supplied to the beds.Particulars of the settling and of the detritus tanks.Chemicals used for treating the sewage previous to bacterial treatment.Number of hoursQuantity of sewage treated in 24 hours, per acre of bed, one foot deep. Calculated for the purpose of comparison. Gallons.Average percentage purification effected on the crude sewage, as measured by the relative quantities of
    Occupied in filling the beds.During which the beds remained full (contact period).Occupied in emptying the beds.During srhich the beds remained empty aeration period).Number of fillings per 24 hours.Number of contacts in successive beds.Oxygen absorbed by the crude sewage and by the final bacteria bed effluent.Albuminoid ammonia present in the crude sewage and in the final bacteria oed effluent.
    Capacity. Gallons.Length. Feet.Rate of flow of sewage through the tanks. Gallons per day.
    Name of chemical.Grains per gallon of sewage.
    Average percentage purification.Number of hours occupied in absorption.Temperature at which absorption took place
  • Page -
    Table 3. Particulars as to the Capacity of the Bacteria beds and Ag T0 THE LOSg 0F Capacity during working.
    No.Name of town or di6triot.Name or number of bed.Capacity, when empty, of the tank containing the bed. Gallons.Original water capacity of the bed in the tank."Water capacity of the bed after use.Number of hours occupied in draining the bed.Number of days during which the bed had been resting previous to the measurement being made.Loss of capacity.Length of time during which the bed was in use.Number ef fillings during the time.
    Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of original water capacity of the bed.
  • Page -
    Table 4. Particulars of the Septic Tanks (if used).
    No.Name of town or district.Number of tanks.Distinctive name or number of each tank.Whether the tanks are open or closed.Dimensions of the tanks.Capacity of the tanks.
    Area.Depth.
    Feet.Feet.Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 5. Particulars as to the working of the Septic Tanks.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of tank.Dates between which the tank was in use.Length of time during which the tank was used.Rate of flow of sewage through the tank.Quantity of sewage passed into the tank.Quantity of sludge left in the tank.Percentage of moisture in the eludge left in the tank.Per rentage reduction in the amount of sludge effected by septie action.
    "Weeks.Gallons per day.Gallons.Tons.
  • Page -
    Continued from previous page...
    No.Name of town or district.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Table 1. Particulars or the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or distriot.Nature of installation.Number of beds.Distinctive number or name of each bed.Average or working area of the beds.Measurement of the beds.Depth of the beds.Material and size of the material of which the beds are composed.Thickness of e«ch layer of material, arranged in their order in the beds, from the top downwards.Method of under-draining the beds.Actual or estimated cost of making the beds.Actual or estimated cost per acre of making the beds.Cost of treating sewage per million gallons.
    At top.At bottom.
    P.—Permanent. T.—Temporary.
    Square feet.Feet.Feet.Feet.
  • Page -
    Table 2. Particulars as to the working
    No.Name of town or district.Time during which the beds were in use.Name or number of the bed used.Character of the liquid supplied to the beds.Particulars of the settling and of the detritus tanks.Chemicals used for treating the sewage previous to bacterial treatment.Number of hoursNumber of fillings per 24 hours.Number of contacts in successive beds.Quantity of sewage treated in 24 hours, per acre of bed, one foot deep. Calculated for the purpose of comparison.Average percentage purificatiom effected on the crude 6ewage, as measured by the relative quantities of
    Oxygen absorbed by the crude sewage and by the final bacteria bed effluent.Albuminoid ammonia present in the crude sewage and in the final bacteria bed effluent.
    Occupied in filling the beds.During which the beds remained full (contact period).Occupied in emptying the beds.During which the beds remained empty (aeration period).
    Capacity. Gallons.Length. Feet.Rate of flow of sewage through the tanks. Gallons per day.Name of chemical.Grains per gallon of sewage.Average percentage purification.Number of hours occupied in absorption.Temperature at Which absorption took place
    Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 3. Particulars as to the Capacity of the Bacteria Beds and as to the loss of Capacity during working.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of bed.Capacity, when empty, of the tank containing the bed. Gallons.Original water capacity of the bed in the tank."Water capacity of the bed after use.Number of hours occupied in draining the bed.Number of days during which the bed had been resting previous to the measurement being made.Loss of capacity.Length of time during which the bed was in use.Number of fillings during the time.
    Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of original water capacity of the bed.
  • Page -
    Table 4. Particulars of the Septic Tanks (if used).
    No.Name of town or district.Number of tanks.Distinctive Dame or number of each tank.Whether the tanks are open or closed.Dimensions of the tanks.Capacity of the tanks.
    Area.Depth.
    Feet.Feet.Gallons.
  • Page -
    Table 6. Particulars as to the working of the Septic Tanks.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of tank.Dates between which the tank was in use.Length of time during: which the tank was used.Rate of flow of sewage through the tank.Quantity of sewage passed into the tank.Quantity of sludge left in the tank.Percentage of moisture in the sludge left in the tank.Percentage reduction in the amount of sludge effected by septic actioon.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Name of town or district.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Table 1. Particulars of the Bacteria Beds.
  • Page -
    Table 2. Particulars as to the working of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Time during which the beds were in use.Name or number of the bed used.Character of the liquid supplied to the beds.Particulars of the settling and of the detritus tanks.ChemicaU used for treating the sewage previous to bacterial treatment.Number of hourtNumber of fillings per 24 hoursNumbei of contact in successi beds.Quantity of sewage treated in 2-4 hours, per acre ot' ted, one foot deep. e Calculated for the- purpose of comparison Gallons.Arc-rage percentage purification effected on the crude sewage, as measured by the relative quantities of
    Occupied in filling the beds.During which th beds renin ine<. full (contact period).Occupied in. emptying the bedsDuring which tnt beds remainid empty (aeratior period;.Oxygen absorbed by the crude sewage and by the final bacteria bed effluent.Albuminoid ammonia present in the crude sewage and in the final bacteria bed effluent.
    Capacity. Gallons.Length. Feet.Rate of flow of sewage through the tanks. Gallons per day.Name of chemical.Graina per gallon of sewage.
    Average percentage purificationNumber of hours occupied in absorption.Temperature at which absorption took place o F.
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    Table 3. Particulars as to the Capacity of the Bacteria Beds and as to the loss of Capacity during
    No.;Name of town or district.Name or number of bed.capacity, when empty, of the tank containing the bed. Gallons.Original water capacity of the bed in the tank.Water capacity of the bed after use.Number of hours occupied in draining the bed.Number of days during: which the bed had been resting previous to the measurement being made.Loss of capacity.Length of time during which the bed was in use.Number of fillings during the time.
    Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.DateGallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of original water capacty of the bed.
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    Table 4. Particulars of the Septic Tanks (if used).
    No.Name of town or district.Number of tanks.Distinctive name or number of each ttnk."Whether the tanks are open or closed.Dimensions of the tanks. _Capacity of the tanks.
    Area.Depth.
    Feet.Feet.Gallons.
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    Table 5. Particulars as to the working of the Septic Tanks.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of tank.Dates between which the tank was in use.Length of tunc during which the tank was used.Rate of flow of sewage through the tank.Quantity of sewage passed into the tank.Quantity of sludge left in the tank.Percentage of moisture in the sludge left in the tank.Percentage reduction in the amount of sludge effected by septic action.
    Weeks.Gallons per day.Gallons.Tons.
  • Page -
    Table 1. Particulars of the Bacteria Beds.
  • Page -
    Table 2. Particulars as to the working of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Time during which the beds were in use.Name or number of the bed used.Character of the liquid supplied to the beds.Particulars of the settling and of the detritus tanks.Chemicals used for treating the sewage previous to bacterial treatment.Number of hoursNumber of fillings per 24 hours.Number of contacts in successive beds.Quantity of sewage treated in 24 hours, per acre of bed, one foot deep. Calculated for the purpose of comparison. Gallons.Average percentage purification effected on the crude sewage, as measured by the relative quantities of
    Occupied in filling the beds.During which the beds remained full (contact period).Occupied in emptying the beds.During which the beds remained empty (aeration period).Oxygen absorbed by the crude sewage and by the final bacteria bed effluent.Albuminoid ammonia present in the crude sewage and in the final bacteria bed effluent.
    Capacity. Gallons.Length. Feet.Rate of flow of sewage through the tanks. Gallons per dav.Name of chemical.Grains per gallon of sewage.
    Average percentage purification.Number of hours occupied in absorption.Temperature at which absorption took place
    31MiddletonCommenced 29 Nov., '99 26 Jan., '001Tank effluent from sewage which has passed through a grit chamber, and then beei treated with chemicals and sedimented120,00024 in diameter1,000,000Ferozone6...3,...3.........90.0
    2
    32Nelson11 months1Tank effluent1,050,00010 each 100 x 30600,000 (dry weather flow)Alumino ferric9½ (about)6............71.4
    3 years2
    2½ years3
    10 months4
    16 months5
    2½ weeks6
    33Oldham1897to end of 1898Effluent from chemically treated and sedimented sewage2,116,800 (total of 12 tanks)128...Sulphate of iron Lime1½to2/32 to 322 (at least)2 (Sundays included)...161,000 (about)79.14...82.1
    ...4
    1899 to date...Effluent from sewage after subsidence(Each of 2detritus tanks)4522,500.....................84.14...84.3
    12 and 13Settling tank liquid drawn off by floating arms previous to cleaning tank..................1 to 24
    34Ormskirk......Sewage after having gone through process of land filtration83,000 (8 tanks total)...........................110.083 110,19588.2......89.7
    35Oswestry...Primary SecondarySettling tank liquid56,000 (total)7029,531...½to 1¼1 to 2½¾2 to 52 to 5...100,000
    Effluent from primary beds....1 to 1½3 to 413 to 4½22...88.20.314089.7
    36Oldbnry...Primary SecondaryChemically treated and sedimented sewage..................2......2
    23
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    Table 3. Particulars as to the Capacity of the Bactbkia Beds and as to the loss of Capacity during working.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of bed.Capacity, when empty, of the tank containing the bed. Gallons.Original water capacity of the bed in the tank."Water capacity of the bed after use.Number of hours occupied in draining the bed.Number of days during which the bed had been resting previous to the measurement being made.Loss of capacity.Length of time during which the bed was in use.Number of fillings durimg the time.
    Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of original water capacity of the bed.
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    Table 4. Particulars of the Septic Tanks (if used).
    No.Nacne of town or district.Number of tanks.Distinctive name or number of eaoh tank.Whether the tanks are open or closed.Dimensions of the tanks.Capacity of the tanks. Gallons.
    Area. Feet.Depth. Feet.
  • Page -
    Table 5. Particulars as to the working of the Septic Tanks.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of tank.Dates between which the tank was in use.Length of time during which the tank was used. Weeks.Rate of flow of sewage through the tank. Gallons per day.Quantity of sewage passed into the tank. Gallons.Quantity of sludge left in the tank. Tons.Percentage of moisture in the kludge left in the tank.Percentage reduction in the amount of sludge effected by septic acton
  • Page -
    No.Nome of town or district.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Table 1. Particulars of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Nature of installation. P.—Permanent. T.—Temporary.Number of beds.Distinctive number or name of each bed.Average or working area of the beds. Square feet.Measurement of the beds.Depth of the beds. Feet.Material and size of the material of which the beds are composed.Thickness of e ch layer of material, arranged in their order in the beds, from the top downwards.Method of under-draining the beds.Actual or estimated cost of making the beds.Actual or estimated cost per acre of making the beds.Cost of treating sewage per million gallons.
    At top. Feet.At bottom. Feet.
  • Page -
    Table 2. - Particulars as to the working of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Time during which the beds were in use.Name or number of the bed used.Character of the liquid supplied to the beds.Particulars of the settling and of the detritus tanks.Chemicals used for treating the sewage previous to bacterial treatment.Number of hoursNumber of fillings per 24 hours.Number of contacts in successive beds.Quantity of sewage treated in 24 hours, per acre of bed, one foot deep. Calculated for the purpose of comparison. Gallons.Average percentage purification effected on the crude sewage, as measured by the relative quantities of
    Occupied in filling the beds.During which the beds remained full (contact period).Occupied in emptying the beds.During which the beds remained empty (aeration period).Oxygen absorbed by the crude sewage and by the final bacteria bed effluent.Albuminoid ammonia present in the crude sewage and in the final bacteria bed effluent.
    Capacity. Gallons.Length. Feet.Rate of flow of sewage through the tanks. Gallons per daw
    Name of chemical.Grains per gallon of 6ewage.
    Average percentage purification.Number of hours occupied in absorption.Temperature at which absorption took place o
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    Table 3. Particulars as to the Capacity or the Bacteria Beds amd as to the loss of capacity during working
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of bed.Capacity, when empty, of the tank containing the bed. Gallons.Original water capacity of the bed in the tank.Water capacity of the bed after use.Number of hours occupied in drain.ng the bed.Number of days during which the bed had been resting previous to the measurement being made.Loss of capacity.Length of time during which the bed was in use.Numbfr of fillings during the time.
    Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of original water capacity of the bed.
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    Table 4. Particulars of the Septic Tanks (if used).
    No.Name of town or district.Number of tanks.Distinctive name or number of each tank."Whether the tanks are open or closed.Dimensions of the tanks.Capacity of the tanks. Gallons.
    Area. Feet.Depth. Feet.
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    Table 5. Particulars as to the working of the Septic Tanks.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of tank.Dates between which the tank was in use.Length of time during which the tank was used. "Weeks.Rate of flow of sewage through the tank. Gallons per day.Quantity of sewage passed into the tank. Gallons.Quantity of sludge left in the tank. Tons.Percentage of moisture in the sludge left in the tank.Percentage reduction in the amount of sludge effected by septic action.
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    No.Name of town or district.Remarks.
  • Page -
    Table 1. Particulars of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Nature of installation. P.—Permanent. T.—Temporary.Number of beds.Distinctive number or name of each bed.Average or working area of the beds. Square feet.Measurement of the beds.Depth of the beds. Feet.Material and size of the material of which the beds are composed.Thickness of euch layer of material, arranged in their order in the beds, from the top downwards.Method of under-drainirg the beds.Actual or estimated cost of making the bed'.Actual or estimated cost per acre of making the beds.Cost of treating sevage per million gailor.
    At top. Feet.At bottom. Feet.
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    Table 3- Particulars as to the working of the Bacteria Beds.
    No.Name of town or district.Time during which the beds were in use.Name or number of the bed used.Character of the liquid supplied to the beds.Particulars of the settling and of the Chemicals used for detritus tanks. treating the sewage previous to bacterial treatment.Number of hoursNumber of fillings per 24 hours.Number of contacts in successire beds.Quantity of sewage treated in 24 hours, per acre of bed, one foot deep. Calculated for the purpose of comparison. Gallons.Average percentage purification effected on the crude sewage, as measured by the relative quantities of
    Occupied in filling the beds.During which the beds remained full (contact period).Occupied in emptying the beds.During which the beds remained empty (aeration period).Oxygen absorbed by the crude sewage and by the final bacteria bed effluent.Albuminoid ammonia present in the crude sewage and in the final bacteria bed effluent.
    Capacity. Gallons.Length. Feet.Rate of flow of sewage through the tanks. Gallons per day.Name of chemical.Grains per gallon of sewage.
    Average percentage purification.Number of hours occupied in absorption.Temperature at which absorption took place ° F.
  • Page -
    Table 3. Particulars as to the Capacity of the Bacteria Beds and as to the loss of Capacity during working.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of bed.Capacity, when empty, of the tank containing; the bed. Gallons.Original water capacity of the bed in the tank.Water capacity of the bed after use.Number of hours occupied in draining the bed.Number of days during which the bed had been resting previous to the measurement being made.Loss of capacity.Length of time during which the bed was in use.Number of fillings during the time.
    Date.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Bate.Gallons.Percentage of the empty tank.Gallons.Percentage of original water capacity of the bed.
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    Table 4. Particulars of the Septic Tanks (if used).
    No.Name of town or district.Number of tanks.Distinctive name or number of each tank."Whether the tanks are open or closed.Dimensions of the tanks.Capacity of the tanks. Gallons.
    Area. Feet.Depth. Feet.
  • Page -
    Table 5. Particulars as to the working of the Septic Tanks.
    No.Name of town or district.Name or number of tank.Dates between which the tank was in use.Length of time during which the tank was used.Rate of flow of sewage through the tank.Quantity of sewage passed into the tank.Quantity of sludge left in the tank.Percentage of moisture in the sludge left in the tank.Percentage reduction in the amount of sludge effected by septic action.
    Weeks.Gallons per day.Gallons.Tons.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Name of town or district.Remarks.
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    Total notified cases in two estimated populations in circle occurring in September*
    Persons eating fried fish from particular shop.Number infeoted.Persons not eating fried fish from particular shop.Number infected.
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    Total notified cases in tive estimated populations in circle occurring in September* after deduction of secondary cases.
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    Total notified cases in two estimated populations in circle occurring in September* after deduction of secondary cases and of cases not regarded as associated with special outbreak.
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    Total ratified cases in two estimated populations in ring between 110 and 220 yards from the centre and occurring in September. ‡
    Persons eating fried fish from particular shop.Number infected.Persons not eating fried fish from particular shop.Number infected.
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    Total notified cases in two estimated populations in ring occurring in September after deduction of secondary cases. ‡
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    Total notified cases in two estimated populations in circle occurring in September after deduction of secondary cases and of cases not regarded as associated with special outbreak. ‡
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    Cases of Enteric Fever belonging to three areas and beginning on successive days from August 16th to October 10th, 1900.
    Date of onset of symptoms.Southwark.Lambeth.Kensal-town.
    Cases§ probably not associated with special outbreak.Secondary cases.Cases constituting "special outbreak."Cases§ probably not associated with special outbreak.Secondary cases.Cases constituting " special outbreak."Cases§ probably not associated with special outbreak.Secondary cases.Cases constituting "special outbreak."
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    The following results were obtained in the areas in which house to house inquiry was made—
    Number of families.Wet fish.Shell fish.Shrimps.Fried fish.Dry fish.
    From X.From other pources.None.From X.From other sources.None.From X.From other fourcea.None.From X.From other sources.None.From X.From other sources.None.
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    Southwark. (The cases which may be regarded as constituting the special outbreak are those numbered 6 to 110.)
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk sapply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex andMilk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fish, fried fish, shell fish, &c.As to use of swimming baths.Remarks.
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    L ambeth. (The cases which may be regarded as constituting the special outbreak are those numbered 3 to 45 a.)
    No.Date of onset of illnessDate of notification.Sex and age.Milk supplyIce-cream.As to consumption of fried fish.As to consumption of other kinds of fish and shell-fish.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fried fish.As to consumption of other kinds of fish and skell-fi'h.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illnessDate of notification.Sex and age.Milk supplyIce-cream.As to consumption of fried fish.As to consumption of other kinds of fish and shell-fish.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Milk supply.Ice-cream.As to consumption of fried fish.As to consumption of other kinds of fish and shell-fish.Remarks.
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    Kensal-town. (The primary cases occurring at the time of the special outbreaks in the other districts are those numbered 2 to 22.)
    No.Date of onset of illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Source from which milk wm supplied*As to consumption of fried fish.As to purchase of shell fish and fish other than fried fish.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of onset ot illness.Date of notification.Sex and age.Source from which milk was supplied.As to consumption of fried fish.As to purchase of shell fish and fish ether than fried fish.Remarks.
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    Continued from previous page...
    No.Date of outset of illness.Date of modification.Sex and age.Source from which milk was supplied.As to consumption of fried fish.As to purchase of shell fish and fish other than fried fish.Remarks.
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    (4.) Table showing the number of years for which 1,300 acres is sufficient provision assuming (a) 1,000 graves per acre, (b) 750 graves per acre, (c) 500 graves per acre, and death rates of (1) 16 per 1,000, (2) 18 per 1,000, and (3) 20 per 1,000 per annum, and assuming also that the population of the administrative county of London is uniformly increasing throughout the whole period at the same rate as between 1891 and 1896, and that of Greater London at the same rate as between 1881 and 1891—
    Assuming death rates ofAdministrative County of London.Greater London.
    (a)(b)(c)(a)(b)(c)
    1,000 graves per acre.750 graves per acre.500 graves per acre.1,000 graves per acre.750 graves per acre.500 graven per acre.
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    (16.) The information which it has been possible to obtain as to the extent of such ground is as follows—
    Cemetery.Total area.Area not yet buried in. (Estimated by officers of burial boards and cemeteries.)
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    Cemetery.Total area.Area not yet buried in. (Estimated by officers of burial boards and cemeteries.)
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    iii. Cemeteries having sails of gravel and sand. [Valley gravel, Bagshot sand and loam, Thanet, Woolwich and Blackheath beds.]
  • Page -
    Within county.
    No. of cemeteries.Total area.Area unused.
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    Without the county.
    No. of cemeteries.Total area.Area unused.
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    In other words 55 acres per annum would be required tor the dead of the bounty of London, increase of population, with a larger number of deaths, would necessitate a yearly provision of space greater than this, but in connection with this the following figures as to the yearly number of deaths in the administrative County of London are of interest—
    Year.Deaths.Population.
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    (88.) The following is an abstract in a tabular form of the regulations as revised at different dates since 1853. One or other of these indicate the conditions of approval of the cemeteries established since that date—
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    The total number of interments in 1897 was—
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    The interments in 1897 were—
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    The number of interments during 1897 was—
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    The number of interments in 1897 was—
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    The number of interments in 1897 (March, 1897-1898) was—
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    The total number of burials in 1897 was—
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    The total number of interments during 1897 was—
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    The total burials in 1897 was—
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    The total number of interments in 1897 was—
  • Page -
    The total number of burials in 1897 was—
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    The interments m 1897 were—
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    The number of burials in 1897 was—
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    Number of interments in 1897 —
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    The number of interments in 1897 (including still-born children) was—
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    The number of interments in 1897 was—
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    The number of interments during 1897 was—
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    The number of interments in 1897 was—
  • Page -
    The total number of interments in 1897 was—
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    The total number of interments in 1897 was—
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    The total interments in 1897 was—
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    The number of interments in 1897 was—
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    The number of burials in 1897 was—
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    The demand for brick graves is small. The total interments during 1897 was—
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    The number of brick graves required has decreased. The number of interments in 1897 was—
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    The number of interments in 1897 was—
  • Page -
    T he demand tor brick graves is small. The number of interments in 1897 was—
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    The number of interments in 1897 was—
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    The total interments in 1897 were—
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    Table 1. Provision for burial made by local authorities.
    Sanitary district.Population 1896.Situation of burial place provided by local authority.Area in acres.Deaths, 1897, in district.BurialB, 1897, in cemetery.Charges for common interments.Amount of Burial rate, if any. raised in parish.Poor Law Union corresponding to sanitary district.Paupers buried atFee for adults.Other cemeteries which are in use and which are situated in district. (Does not include burial places still available for occasional use under special conditions.)
    Parishioners.Non-parishioners.
    Private.Common.Total.
    Within county.Without county.
    Unconsecrated ground.Consecrated ground.Unconsecrated ground.Consecrated ground.
  • Page -
    Table Provision for burial made by local authorities-(continued).
    Sanitary district.Population, 1896.Situation of burial place provided by local authority.Area in acres.Deaths, 1897, in district.Burials, 1897, in cemetery.Charges for common interments.a mount of Burial rate, if any, raised in parish.Poor Law Union corresponding to sanitary district.Paupers buried atFee for adults.Other cemeteries which are in use and which are situated in district. (Does not include burial places still available for occasional use under special conditions.)
    Private.Common.Total.Parishioners.Non-parishioners.
    Within county.Without county.
    Unconsecrated ground.Consecrated ground.Unconsecrated ground.Consecrated ground.
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    Table 2. Private Cemeteries.
    Cemetery.Situation.Area in acres.Burials in 1897.Charges for common interments. — Adults.
    Within county.Without county.
    PrivateCommon.Total.
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    Table I.— Showing the remit of exposure of the bacillus typhosus to formalin vapour.
    Nature of emulsion in which the typhoid bacillus was exposed.Nature of the material on which the emulsion had been placed.Result of culture after exposure.
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    The following table II. gives a summary of the results—
  • Page -
    Nature of the emulsion.Nature of the materials.Result of culture after exposure.
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    Table IV. shows these results—
    Nature of emulsion of the vibrio.Nature of the materials.Result of culture after exposure.
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    The following table V. shows the summary of the experiment—
    Nature of the emulsion.Nature of materials.Result of culture after exposure.
  • Page -
    Nature of emulsion.Nature of material.Result of culture and experiment.
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    The following table shows the result after exposure to formalin as in the previous experiments— Table VII.— Disinfection with formalin of tubercular sputum.
    Nature of the sputum.Nature of the material.Result of experiment.
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    Table VIII., General result .— Disinfection with formalin, cubic space 1,344 cubic feet, 80 formalin tablets burnt, time of exposure 5 hours.
    On wood.On cloth.On linen.On paper.
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    Table IX.
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    2.— Bacillus Diphtheria. The following table X. shows the result of the three experiments, a, b and c, performed with this microbe.
    Nature of emulsion.Nature of material.Result of culture after exposure.
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    3.— Bacillus pyocyaneus. Table XI.— Showing the result of exposure to SO2.
    Nature of emulsion.Nature of material.Result of culture after exposure.
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    4.— Vibrio choleræ. Table XII.— Showing the result of exposure to S02.
    Nature of emulsion.Nature of material.Result of culture after exposure.
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    5.—Staphylococcus aureus. Table XIII.
    Nature of emulsion.Nature of material.Result of culture after exposure.
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    Table XIV. 6,— Spores of bacillus anthracis.
    Nature of emulsion.Nature of material.Result of culture after exposure.
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    7.— Tubercular sputum. The sputum was derived, as in the former case, from a case of pulmonary tuberculosis, and, as microscopic examination proved, was very rich in tubercle bacilli. The table XV. shows the result—
    Nature of microbe.Nature of material.Result of experiment on animal after exposure.
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    Table XVI.— Gives a general summary of the experiments made with S02 exposure 24 hours.
    On wood.On cloth.On linen.On paper.
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    Time of exposure, 24 hours. The result is shown in the following table XVII.—
    Nature of microbe.Nature of material.Result of culture and experiment after exposure.
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    This was used in the proportion of one teaspoonful to one imperial pint of water; this would correspond to about 1 in 142. Time of exposure, 24 hours (see footnote). Table XVIII.
    Nature of the microbe.Nature of material.Result of culture and experiment after exposure.
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    Table XVIIIa .— Condy's fluid, 5 teaspoonfuls to one pint of water; time of exposure 24 hours.
    Nature of the microbe.Nature of material.Result of culture and experiment after exposure.
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    Table XIX. gives the results of the culture ami experiment after exposure; as might be expected, all microbes, including the spores of anthrax and the tubercular sputum, had been killed by the solution. Table XIX.
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    Series IV.—Bleaching Powder1 This was used in the form of a one per cent. solution. Time of exposure 1 hour. The result of the experiment is shown in Table XX.
    Nature of microbe.Nature of material.Result of culture and experiment after exposure.
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    Table XXa .— Bleaching powder, 1 per cent. ; time of exposure, 24 hours.
    Nature of microbe.Nature of material.Result of culture and experiment after exposure.